Tests. Autocomplete. Few Fixes. Mocks for Electrum Service. Template-to-Json parser. Fix global paths. Use IO Dependency injection for logging from cli. Additional commands in CLI.

.gitignore

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ Electrum.sqlite
 XO.sqlite
 node_modules/
 dist/
+coverage/
 *.db
 *.db-shm
 *.db-wal
@@ -10,5 +11,5 @@ dist/
 *.sqlite-journal
 resolvedTemplate.json
 mnemonic-*
-.xo-cli-wallet
 inv-*.json
+.xo-cli-wallet

package.json

@@ -3,13 +3,19 @@
   "version": "1.0.0",
   "main": "dist/index.js",
   "type": "module",
+  "bin": {
+    "xo-cli": "./dist/cli/index.js",
+    "xo-tui": "./dist/index.js",
+    "xo-complete": "./dist/cli/autocomplete/complete.bundle.js"
+  },
   "scripts": {
     "dev": "SYNC_SERVER_URL=https://sync.xo.harvmaster.com tsx src/index.ts",
-    "build": "tsc",
+    "build": "tsc && npm run build:autocomplete",
+    "build:autocomplete": "node scripts/build-autocomplete.mjs",
     "start": "SYNC_SERVER_URL=https://sync.xo.harvmaster.com node dist/index.js",
-    "test": "vitest --run",
+    "test": "vitest --run --passWithNoTests",
     "test:watch": "vitest",
-    "test:coverage": "vitest run --coverage",
+    "test:coverage": "vitest run --coverage --passWithNoTests",
     "nuke": "tsx scripts/rm-dbs.ts",
     "nuke:dry": "tsx scripts/rm-dbs.ts --dry",
     "format": "prettier --write \"**/*.{js,ts,md,json}\" --ignore-path .gitignore",
@@ -27,6 +33,7 @@
   "dependencies": {
     "@bitauth/libauth": "^3.0.0",
     "@electrum-cash/protocol": "^2.3.1",
+    "@xo-cash/crypto": "file:../crypto",
     "@xo-cash/engine": "file:../engine",
     "@xo-cash/state": "file:../state",
     "@xo-cash/templates": "file:../templates",
@@ -44,6 +51,8 @@
     "@types/node": "^25.0.10",
     "@types/qrcode": "^1.5.6",
     "@types/react": "^19.2.14",
+    "@vitest/coverage-v8": "^4.1.2",
+    "esbuild": "^0.28.0",
     "tsx": "^4.21.0",
     "typescript": "^5.9.3",
     "vitest": "^4.1.2"

scripts/build-autocomplete.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env node
+/**
+ * Build script for xo-complete autocomplete helper.
+ * 
+ * Bundles the autocomplete script with all dependencies into a single file
+ * for faster startup time. This avoids the ~600ms module import overhead
+ * that occurs with dynamic ESM imports.
+ */
+
+import * as esbuild from "esbuild";
+import { join, dirname } from "path";
+import { fileURLToPath } from "url";
+
+const __dirname = dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url));
+const projectRoot = join(__dirname, "..");
+
+async function build() {
+  try {
+    const result = await esbuild.build({
+      entryPoints: [join(projectRoot, "src/cli/autocomplete/complete.ts")],
+      bundle: true,
+      platform: "node",
+      target: "node20",
+      format: "esm",
+      outfile: join(projectRoot, "dist/cli/autocomplete/complete.bundle.js"),
+      
+      // Mark modules as external that either have native components or bundling issues
+      // We keep heavy deps external, and also keep offline-engine external so it stays
+      // as a dynamic import (it pulls in the heavy engine dependencies)
+      external: [
+        "better-sqlite3",
+        "fsevents",
+        "@bitauth/libauth",
+        "@xo-cash/*",
+        "@electrum-cash/*",
+        "./offline-engine.js",
+      ],
+      
+      // Generate source maps for debugging
+      sourcemap: true,
+      
+      // Minify for slightly smaller bundle
+      minify: false,
+      
+      // Keep names for better error messages
+      keepNames: true,
+      
+      // Log build info
+      logLevel: "info",
+    });
+
+    console.log("Autocomplete bundle built successfully!");
+    if (result.warnings.length > 0) {
+      console.warn("Warnings:", result.warnings);
+    }
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.error("Build failed:", error);
+    process.exit(1);
+  }
+}
+
+build();

scripts/template-to-json.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+import fs from "node:fs/promises";
+import path from "node:path";
+import { pathToFileURL } from "node:url";
+
+/**
+ * This just convers the <template>.ts file to a <template>.json file.
+ * Im fairly sure there is a util in the engine or engine-packages for this, but I decided to just keep it as simple as possible because I didn't feel like digging around for it.
+ * 
+ * Usage:
+ * tsx scripts/template-to-json.ts ../templates/source/p2pkh.ts ./p2pkh.json p2pkhTemplate
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Prints usage to stderr and exits with a non-zero code.
+ */
+function printUsageAndExit(): never {
+  console.error(
+    [
+      "Usage: tsx scripts/template-to-json.ts <input.ts> <output.json> [exportName]",
+      "",
+      "Loads a TypeScript module, picks one exported value, and writes JSON.stringify to the output path.",
+      "If exportName is omitted: uses default export, or the only non-function export if there is exactly one.",
+      "",
+      "Example:",
+      "  tsx scripts/template-to-json.ts ../templates/source/p2pkh.ts ./p2pkh.json p2pkhTemplate",
+    ].join("\n"),
+  );
+  process.exit(1);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Collects runtime export keys whose values are not functions (typical for data/template objects).
+ */
+function listDataExportKeys(mod: Record<string, unknown>): string[] {
+  return Object.keys(mod).filter((key) => {
+    if (key === "__esModule") {
+      return false;
+    }
+    const value = mod[key];
+    return typeof value !== "function";
+  });
+}
+
+/**
+ * Resolves which export to serialize: explicit name, default, or a single unambiguous data export.
+ */
+function resolveExportedValue(
+  mod: Record<string, unknown>,
+  exportName: string | undefined,
+): unknown {
+  if (exportName !== undefined) {
+    if (!(exportName in mod)) {
+      const keys = listDataExportKeys(mod);
+      console.error(
+        `Export "${exportName}" not found. Available data exports: ${keys.length ? keys.join(", ") : "(none)"}`,
+      );
+      process.exit(1);
+    }
+    return mod[exportName];
+  }
+
+  if ("default" in mod && mod.default !== undefined) {
+    return mod.default;
+  }
+
+  const keys = listDataExportKeys(mod);
+  if (keys.length === 1) {
+    return mod[keys[0]!];
+  }
+
+  if (keys.length === 0) {
+    console.error("No suitable exports found (need default or a non-function export).");
+  } else {
+    console.error(
+      `Multiple data exports found; pass exportName. Candidates: ${keys.join(", ")}`,
+    );
+  }
+  process.exit(1);
+}
+
+async function main(): Promise<void> {
+  const args = process.argv.slice(2);
+  if (args.length < 2) {
+    printUsageAndExit();
+  }
+
+  const [inputRel, outputRel, exportName] = args;
+  const inputPath = path.resolve(process.cwd(), inputRel!);
+  const outputPath = path.resolve(process.cwd(), outputRel!);
+
+  /** Dynamic import needs a file URL so Windows paths and ESM resolution behave. */
+  const fileUrl = pathToFileURL(inputPath).href;
+  const mod = (await import(fileUrl)) as Record<string, unknown>;
+  const value = resolveExportedValue(mod, exportName);
+
+  const json = `${JSON.stringify(value, null, 2)}\n`;
+  await fs.mkdir(path.dirname(outputPath), { recursive: true });
+  await fs.writeFile(outputPath, json, "utf8");
+  console.log(`Wrote ${outputPath}`);
+}
+
+await main();

src/app.ts

@@ -3,9 +3,11 @@
  * Simplified to render TUI immediately and let it handle AppService creation.
  */
 
+import { join } from "node:path";
 import React from "react";
 import { render, type Instance } from "ink";
 import { App as AppComponent } from "./tui/App.js";
+import { getDataDir } from "./utils/paths.js";
 
 /**
  * Configuration options for the CLI application.
@@ -46,13 +48,14 @@ export class App {
    * @returns Running App instance
    */
   static async create(config: Partial<AppConfig> = {}): Promise<App> {
+    const dataDir = getDataDir();
     // Set default configuration
     const fullConfig: AppConfig = {
       syncServerUrl: config.syncServerUrl ?? "http://localhost:3000",
-      databasePath: config.databasePath ?? "./",
+      databasePath: config.databasePath ?? dataDir,
       databaseFilename: config.databaseFilename ?? "xo-wallet.db",
       invitationStoragePath:
-        config.invitationStoragePath ?? "./xo-invitations.db",
+        config.invitationStoragePath ?? join(dataDir, "xo-invitations.db"),
     };
 
     console.log("Full config:", fullConfig);

src/cli/README.md

@@ -2,112 +2,135 @@
 
 Command-line interface for the XO Engine. Create wallets, manage templates, build invitations, sign transactions, and broadcast them to the Bitcoin Cash network.
 
-## Getting Started
+There are two global commands after install:
+
+- **`xo-cli`** — non-interactive commands (this document).
+- **`xo-tui`** — interactive terminal wallet UI (Ink/React).
+
+## Global config directory
+
+Wallet state lives under **`~/.config/xo-cli/`** (XDG-style), so you can run commands from any directory:
+
+| Path | Purpose |
+|------|---------|
+| `~/.config/xo-cli/mnemonics/` | Mnemonic files (`mnemonic-*`) |
+| `~/.config/xo-cli/data/` | Engine DB (`xo-wallet.db`) and invitation storage (`xo-invitations.db`) |
+| `~/.config/xo-cli/.wallet` | Last-used mnemonic reference (so `-m` can be omitted) |
+
+**Local to your shell’s current directory:** template JSON paths, invitation JSON you create/import, and any path you pass explicitly (e.g. `-m /abs/path/to/file`).
+
+## Install (global, from this repo)
+
+`@xo-cash/*` dependencies use `file:` paths, so publish to npm is a separate step. For local development:
 
 ```bash
-# Run any command via tsx from the cli/ directory
+cd engine/cli
-npx tsx src/cli/index.ts <command> [options]
+npm install
+npm run build
+npm link
+# xo-cli and xo-tui are now on your PATH
 ```
 
+Development without linking:
+
+```bash
+cd engine/cli
+npx tsx src/cli/index.ts <command> [options]
+npx tsx src/index.ts   # TUI
+```
+
+### Environment variables (TUI / `xo-tui`)
+
+| Variable | Default |
+|----------|---------|
+| `SYNC_SERVER_URL` | `http://localhost:3000` |
+| `DB_PATH` | `~/.config/xo-cli/data` |
+| `DB_FILENAME` | `xo-wallet.db` |
+| `INVITATION_STORAGE_PATH` | `~/.config/xo-cli/data/xo-invitations.db` |
+
+## Getting Started
+
 ### Wallet Setup
 
-Before using most commands you need a mnemonic wallet file.
-
 ```bash
-# Generate a new mnemonic and save it to a file
+# Generate a new mnemonic (saved under ~/.config/xo-cli/mnemonics/)
 xo-cli mnemonic create
 
 # Import an existing mnemonic seed phrase
 xo-cli mnemonic import page pencil stock planet limb cluster assault speak off joke private pioneer
 
-# List available mnemonic files in the current directory
+# List mnemonic basenames (use with -m)
 xo-cli mnemonic list
 ```
 
-Mnemonic files are stored in the working directory with the prefix `mnemonic-`.
+**Options:** `-o <filename>` — basename only; file is written under the global mnemonics directory.
 
 ### Wallet Persistence
 
-The first time you pass `-m <file>`, the choice is saved to `.xo-cli-wallet`. Subsequent commands will use that wallet automatically so you can omit `-m`.
+The first time you pass `-m <name>`, that reference is saved to `~/.config/xo-cli/.wallet`. Later runs can omit `-m`.
+
+Mnemonic resolution order:
+
+1. Absolute path, if the file exists  
+2. Path relative to the current working directory  
+3. `~/.config/xo-cli/mnemonics/<basename>`
 
 ```bash
-# First run — pass the wallet explicitly
 xo-cli resource list -m mnemonic-nuclear
-
-# All future runs remember the wallet
 xo-cli resource list
 ```
 
-To switch wallets, pass `-m` again with a different file.
+## Global Options (`xo-cli`)
-
-## Global Options
 
 | Flag | Description |
-|---|---|
+|------|-------------|
-| `-m`, `--mnemonic-file <file>` | Mnemonic file to use (persisted after first use) |
+| `-m`, `--mnemonic-file <file>` | Mnemonic file (basename, cwd-relative, or absolute) |
-| `-v`, `--verbose` | Show detailed debug output |
+| `-v`, `--verbose` | Verbose output |
-| `-h`, `--help` | Show help message |
+| `-h`, `--help` | Help |
+
+Advanced: you can pass `--database-path`, `--database-filename`, and `--invitation-storage-path` to override the defaults under `~/.config/xo-cli/data/` (see `src/cli/index.ts`).
 
 ## Commands
 
 ### `mnemonic` — Manage Wallet Files
 
 ```bash
-xo-cli mnemonic create                   # Generate a new mnemonic
+xo-cli mnemonic create
-xo-cli mnemonic import <seed words...>   # Import a mnemonic from seed words
+xo-cli mnemonic import <seed words...>
-xo-cli mnemonic list                     # List mnemonic files in cwd
+xo-cli mnemonic list
 ```
 
-**Options:**
-- `-o <filename>` — Custom output filename for the mnemonic file.
-
 ### `template` — Manage Templates
 
 ```bash
-xo-cli template import <template-file>                          # Import a template
+xo-cli template import <template-file>
-xo-cli template list                                            # List imported templates
+xo-cli template list
-xo-cli template list <category> <template-id>                   # List items in a category
+xo-cli template list <category> <template-id>
-xo-cli template inspect <category> <template-id> <field>        # Inspect a specific field
+xo-cli template inspect <category> <template-id> <field>
-xo-cli template set-default <template-file> <output-id> <role>  # Set default locking params
+xo-cli template set-default <template-file> <output-id> <role>
 ```
 
 **Categories:** `action`, `transaction`, `output`, `lockingscript`, `variable`
 
-**Example — discover what a template offers:**
+Template paths are resolved relative to the **current working directory**.
-
-```bash
-xo-cli template import p2pkh-template.json
-xo-cli template list
-xo-cli template list action <template-identifier>
-```
 
 ### `resource` — Manage UTXOs
 
 ```bash
-xo-cli resource list               # List unreserved (spendable) UTXOs
+xo-cli resource list
-xo-cli resource list reserved      # List UTXOs reserved by invitations
+xo-cli resource list reserved
-xo-cli resource list all           # List all UTXOs (reserved + unreserved)
+xo-cli resource list all
-xo-cli resource unreserve <txhash:vout>   # Unreserve a specific UTXO
+xo-cli resource unreserve <txhash:vout>
-xo-cli resource unreserve-all             # Unreserve all reserved UTXOs
+xo-cli resource unreserve-all
 ```
 
-Each UTXO is displayed as `<txhash>:<vout> <sats> <outputId> (height <n>)`.
-
 ### `receive` — Generate a Receiving Address
 
 ```bash
 xo-cli receive <template-file> <output-identifier> [role-identifier]
 ```
 
-Generates a single-use BCH cash address from a template. If the role is omitted, the first available role is used.
+### `invitation` — Build, Sign & Broadcast
-
-```bash
-xo-cli receive p2pkh-template.json receiveOutput receiver
-```
-
-### `invitation` — Build, Sign & Broadcast Transactions
-
-This is the core command for sending funds. An invitation goes through these stages: **create** → **sign** → **broadcast**.
 
 ```bash
 xo-cli invitation create <template-file> <action-id> [options]
@@ -119,42 +142,24 @@ xo-cli invitation import <invitation-file>
 xo-cli invitation list
 ```
 
-#### Create / Append Options
+**Create / append options:**
 
 | Flag | Description |
-|---|---|
+|------|-------------|
-| `-var-<name> <value>` | Set a template variable (kebab-case → camelCase) |
+| `-var-<name> <value>` | Template variable |
-| `--add-input <txhash:vout>` | Add UTXO input(s), comma-separated |
+| `--add-input <txhash:vout>` | Inputs (comma-separated) |
-| `--add-output <id>` | Override output(s) — **omit to auto-discover from template** |
+| `--add-output <id>` | Override outputs (omit to auto-discover) |
-| `--auto-inputs` | Automatically select UTXOs to cover the required amount |
+| `--auto-inputs` | Auto-select UTXOs |
-| `-role <role>` | Role identifier for variable scoping and bytecode generation |
+| `-role <role>` | Role for variables / bytecode |
-| `--sign` | Auto-sign after all requirements are satisfied |
+| `--sign` | Auto-sign when complete |
-| `--broadcast` | Auto-broadcast after signing (implies `--sign`) |
+| `--broadcast` | Auto-broadcast (implies `--sign`) |
 
-When inputs are provided, a **change output is automatically added** if the input total exceeds the required amount + fee (500 sats). Change below the dust threshold (546 sats) is donated as fee.
+Invitation JSON files from `create` / `append` are written to the **current working directory**.
 
-Outputs are **auto-discovered from the template** when `--add-output` is omitted, so you typically don't need to specify them.
+### One-command send
-
-#### Variable Naming
-
-Variable flags use kebab-case which maps to the template's camelCase identifiers:
-
-```
--var-transferred-satoshis 4678  →  transferredSatoshis = "4678"
--var-recipient-lockingscript <addr>  →  recipientLockingscript = "<addr>"
-```
-
-## Full Send Flow
-
-### One-Command Send (Recommended)
-
-With `--broadcast`, the entire create → sign → broadcast flow happens in a single invocation:
 
 ```bash
-# 1. List UTXOs to pick an input
 xo-cli resource list
-
-# 2. Send in one shot
 xo-cli invitation create p2pkh-template.json sendSatoshis \
   -var-transferred-satoshis 4678 \
   -var-recipient-lockingscript "bitcoincash:qz..." \
@@ -163,72 +168,25 @@ xo-cli invitation create p2pkh-template.json sendSatoshis \
   --broadcast
 ```
 
-Output:
+### `xo-tui`
-
-```
-Invitation created: abc123.json (abc123)
-Invitation signed: abc123
-Transaction broadcast: <txid>
-```
-
-### Step-by-Step Send
-
-For multi-party transactions or debugging, you can run each step separately:
 
 ```bash
-# 1. Import template (only needed once)
+xo-tui
-xo-cli template import p2pkh-template.json
-
-# 2. Check available UTXOs
-xo-cli resource list
-
-# 3. Create the invitation with variables and inputs
-xo-cli invitation create p2pkh-template.json sendSatoshis \
-  -var-transferred-satoshis 4678 \
-  -var-recipient-lockingscript "bitcoincash:qz..." \
-  --add-input <txhash>:<vout> \
-  -role sender
-
-# 4. Sign
-xo-cli invitation sign <invitation-id>
-
-# 5. Broadcast
-xo-cli invitation broadcast <invitation-id>
 ```
 
-### Using Auto-Inputs
+Launches the full-screen wallet UI; uses the same global data directory unless overridden by env vars.
-
-Instead of manually selecting UTXOs, let the CLI pick them:
-
-```bash
-xo-cli invitation create p2pkh-template.json sendSatoshis \
-  -var-transferred-satoshis 4678 \
-  -var-recipient-lockingscript "bitcoincash:qz..." \
-  --auto-inputs \
-  -role sender \
-  --broadcast
-```
 
 ## Shell Completions
 
-Tab-completion is available for bash, zsh, and fish:
-
 ```bash
-# Bash
 eval "$(xo-cli completions bash)"
-
-# Zsh
 eval "$(xo-cli completions zsh)"
-
-# Fish
 xo-cli completions fish | source
 ```
 
 ## File Conventions
 
-| File/Pattern | Purpose |
+| Location | Purpose |
-|---|---|
+|----------|---------|
-| `mnemonic-*` | Wallet mnemonic files |
+| `~/.config/xo-cli/` | Global wallet state |
-| `.xo-cli-wallet` | Persisted wallet selection |
+| `./` (cwd) | Templates, invitation JSON, explicit paths |
-| `*.json` | Invitation files (saved by create/append) |
-| `*.db` | Engine database files |

src/cli/autocomplete/complete.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,298 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env node
+/**
+ * Lightweight shell completion helper for xo-cli.
+ *
+ * This script reads from local SQLite only - no network connections.
+ * It's designed to be fast enough for interactive tab completion.
+ *
+ * Usage: xo-complete <context> [args...]
+ *
+ * Contexts:
+ *   mnemonics                    - List mnemonic file names
+ *   templates                    - List template names/IDs
+ *   actions <template>           - List actions for a template
+ *   invitations                  - List invitation IDs
+ *   resources                    - List UTXO outpoints (txhash:vout)
+ *   subcommands <command>        - List subcommands for a top-level command
+ *
+ * Output: One completion suggestion per line, suitable for shell completion.
+ *
+ * Exit codes:
+ *   0 - Success (may output zero or more completions)
+ *   1 - Error (no output, fails silently for shell integration)
+ */
+
+import { existsSync, readdirSync, readFileSync } from "node:fs";
+import { join } from "node:path";
+import { createHash } from "node:crypto";
+
+import { getDataDir, getMnemonicsDir, getWalletConfigPath } from "../../utils/paths.js";
+import { loadMnemonic } from "../mnemonic.js";
+import { Storage } from "../../services/storage.js";
+import { COMMAND_TREE } from "./completions.js";
+
+// Lazy-loaded modules (only loaded when needed for dynamic completions)
+let _offlineEngineModule: typeof import("./offline-engine.js") | null = null;
+let _engineModule: typeof import("@xo-cash/engine") | null = null;
+
+async function getOfflineEngineModule() {
+  if (!_offlineEngineModule) {
+    _offlineEngineModule = await import("./offline-engine.js");
+  }
+  return _offlineEngineModule;
+}
+
+async function getEngineModule() {
+  if (!_engineModule) {
+    _engineModule = await import("@xo-cash/engine");
+  }
+  return _engineModule;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Outputs completions to stdout, one per line.
+ * Optionally filters by a prefix (for partial word completion).
+ */
+function outputCompletions(items: readonly string[], prefix?: string): void {
+  const filtered = prefix
+    ? items.filter((item) => item.toLowerCase().startsWith(prefix.toLowerCase()))
+    : items;
+
+  for (const item of filtered) {
+    console.log(item);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Lists mnemonic file names from the mnemonics directory.
+ * Fast path: no engine needed, just filesystem.
+ */
+function listMnemonics(prefix?: string): void {
+  try {
+    const mnemonicsDir = getMnemonicsDir();
+    const files = readdirSync(mnemonicsDir).filter((f) => f.startsWith("mnemonic-"));
+    outputCompletions(files, prefix);
+  } catch {
+    // Silently fail - no completions available
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Lists subcommands for a given top-level command.
+ * Uses the static COMMAND_TREE.
+ */
+function listSubcommands(command: string, prefix?: string): void {
+  if (command in COMMAND_TREE) {
+    const subcommands = COMMAND_TREE[command as keyof typeof COMMAND_TREE];
+    outputCompletions(subcommands, prefix);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Gets the current wallet's mnemonic seed from the saved config.
+ * Returns null if no wallet is configured.
+ */
+function getCurrentMnemonic(): string | null {
+  try {
+    const walletConfigPath = getWalletConfigPath();
+    if (!existsSync(walletConfigPath)) {
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    const mnemonicFile = readFileSync(walletConfigPath, "utf8").trim();
+    if (!mnemonicFile) {
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    const mnemonicsDir = getMnemonicsDir();
+    return loadMnemonic(mnemonicsDir, mnemonicFile);
+  } catch {
+    return null;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Lists templates from the engine.
+ */
+async function listTemplates(prefix?: string): Promise<void> {
+  const mnemonic = getCurrentMnemonic();
+  if (!mnemonic) return;
+
+  const { tryCreateOfflineEngine } = await getOfflineEngineModule();
+  const { generateTemplateIdentifier } = await getEngineModule();
+
+  const engine = await tryCreateOfflineEngine(mnemonic, {
+    databasePath: getDataDir(),
+    databaseFilename: "xo-wallet.db",
+  });
+
+  if (!engine) return;
+
+  try {
+    const templates = await engine.listImportedTemplates();
+    const completions: string[] = [];
+
+    for (const template of templates) {
+      // Add template name (for user-friendly completion)
+      if (template.name) {
+        completions.push(template.name);
+      }
+      // Also add template identifier (for precise matching)
+      const id = generateTemplateIdentifier(template);
+      if (id && !completions.includes(id)) {
+        completions.push(id);
+      }
+    }
+
+    outputCompletions(completions, prefix);
+  } finally {
+    await engine.stop();
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Lists actions for a specific template.
+ */
+async function listActions(templateQuery: string, prefix?: string): Promise<void> {
+  const mnemonic = getCurrentMnemonic();
+  if (!mnemonic) return;
+
+  const { tryCreateOfflineEngine } = await getOfflineEngineModule();
+  const { generateTemplateIdentifier } = await getEngineModule();
+
+  const engine = await tryCreateOfflineEngine(mnemonic, {
+    databasePath: getDataDir(),
+    databaseFilename: "xo-wallet.db",
+  });
+
+  if (!engine) return;
+
+  try {
+    // Try to resolve the template by name or ID
+    const templates = await engine.listImportedTemplates();
+    let template = templates.find(
+      (t) => t.name === templateQuery || generateTemplateIdentifier(t) === templateQuery,
+    );
+
+    if (!template) {
+      // Try partial match on name
+      template = templates.find((t) =>
+        t.name?.toLowerCase().includes(templateQuery.toLowerCase()),
+      );
+    }
+
+    if (template && template.actions) {
+      const actions = Object.keys(template.actions);
+      outputCompletions(actions, prefix);
+    }
+  } finally {
+    await engine.stop();
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Lists invitation IDs from the invitation storage.
+ */
+async function listInvitations(prefix?: string): Promise<void> {
+  const mnemonic = getCurrentMnemonic();
+  if (!mnemonic) return;
+
+  try {
+    // Compute seed hash to find the right storage namespace
+    const seedHash = createHash("sha256").update(mnemonic).digest("hex");
+    const invitationsDbPath = join(getDataDir(), "xo-invitations.db");
+
+    if (!existsSync(invitationsDbPath)) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const storage = await Storage.create(invitationsDbPath);
+    const walletStorage = storage.child(seedHash.slice(0, 8));
+    const invitationsStorage = walletStorage.child("invitations");
+
+    const invitations = await invitationsStorage.all();
+    const ids = invitations.map((inv) => inv.key);
+
+    outputCompletions(ids, prefix);
+  } catch {
+    // Silently fail - no completions available
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Lists UTXO outpoints (resources) from the engine.
+ */
+async function listResources(prefix?: string): Promise<void> {
+  const mnemonic = getCurrentMnemonic();
+  if (!mnemonic) return;
+
+  const { tryCreateOfflineEngine } = await getOfflineEngineModule();
+
+  const engine = await tryCreateOfflineEngine(mnemonic, {
+    databasePath: getDataDir(),
+    databaseFilename: "xo-wallet.db",
+  });
+
+  if (!engine) return;
+
+  try {
+    const utxos = await engine.listUnspentOutputsData();
+    const outpoints = utxos.map((u) => `${u.outpointTransactionHash}:${u.outpointIndex}`);
+    outputCompletions(outpoints, prefix);
+  } finally {
+    await engine.stop();
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Main entry point.
+ */
+async function main(): Promise<void> {
+  const context = process.argv[2];
+  const arg1 = process.argv[3];
+  const arg2 = process.argv[4];
+
+  if (!context) {
+    // No context provided - output nothing
+    process.exit(0);
+  }
+
+  switch (context) {
+    case "mnemonics":
+      listMnemonics(arg1);
+      break;
+
+    case "subcommands":
+      if (arg1) {
+        listSubcommands(arg1, arg2);
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case "templates":
+      await listTemplates(arg1);
+      break;
+
+    case "actions":
+      if (arg1) {
+        await listActions(arg1, arg2);
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case "invitations":
+      await listInvitations(arg1);
+      break;
+
+    case "resources":
+      await listResources(arg1);
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      // Unknown context - output nothing
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+main().catch(() => {
+  // Silently fail for shell integration
+  process.exit(1);
+});

src/cli/autocomplete/completions.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,568 @@
+/**
+ * Shell completion script generation.
+ *
+ * Defines the CLI command tree in one place and generates
+ * bash/zsh/fish completion scripts from it. Users source the output
+ * in their shell profile for tab-completion support.
+ *
+ * The generated scripts use the `xo-complete` helper binary for dynamic
+ * completions (invitation IDs, template names, resources, etc.).
+ *
+ * Usage:
+ *   eval "$(xo-cli completions bash)"
+ *   eval "$(xo-cli completions zsh)"
+ *   xo-cli completions fish | source
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Single source of truth for the CLI command tree.
+ * Each top-level key is a command, and its value is an array of sub-commands.
+ *
+ * IMPORTANT: Keep this in sync with actual switch statements in command handlers:
+ * - mnemonic.ts: create, import, list, expose
+ * - template.ts: import, list, inspect, set-default
+ * - invitation.ts: create, append, sign, broadcast, requirements, import, inspect, list
+ * - resource.ts: list, unreserve, unreserve-all
+ */
+
+/** Subcommands for the mnemonic command */
+const MNEMONIC_SUBS = ["create", "import", "list", "expose"];
+/** Subcommands for the template command */
+const TEMPLATE_SUBS = ["import", "list", "inspect", "set-default"];
+/** Subcommands for the invitation command */
+const INVITATION_SUBS = ["create", "append", "sign", "broadcast", "requirements", "import", "inspect", "list"];
+/** Subcommands for the resource command */
+const RESOURCE_SUBS = ["list", "unreserve", "unreserve-all"];
+/** Subcommands for the completions command */
+const COMPLETIONS_SUBS = ["bash", "zsh", "fish"];
+
+export const COMMAND_TREE = {
+  mnemonic: MNEMONIC_SUBS,
+  template: TEMPLATE_SUBS,
+  invitation: INVITATION_SUBS,
+  receive: [],
+  resource: RESOURCE_SUBS,
+  help: [],
+  completions: COMPLETIONS_SUBS,
+} as const;
+
+/** Global option flags available on every command. */
+const GLOBAL_OPTIONS = ["-h", "--help", "-v", "--verbose", "-m", "--mnemonic-file", "-o", "--output"];
+
+/**
+ * Generates a bash completion script with dynamic completion support.
+ * @param binName - The name of the CLI binary (used in the `complete` registration).
+ */
+export function generateBashCompletions(binName: string): string {
+  const commands = Object.keys(COMMAND_TREE).join(" ");
+  const options = GLOBAL_OPTIONS.join(" ");
+  const funcName = binName.replace(/-/g, "_");
+
+  return `# bash completion for ${binName}
+# Add to ~/.bashrc:  eval "$(${binName} completions bash)"
+
+# Find xo-complete in the same directory as xo-cli
+__xo_complete_bin=""
+if command -v xo-complete &>/dev/null; then
+  __xo_complete_bin="xo-complete"
+elif command -v ${binName} &>/dev/null; then
+  __xo_complete_bin="$(dirname "$(command -v ${binName})")/xo-complete"
+fi
+
+# Wrapper to call xo-complete helper
+__xo_complete() {
+  [[ -n "\${__xo_complete_bin}" ]] && "\${__xo_complete_bin}" "$@" 2>/dev/null
+}
+
+_${funcName}_completions() {
+  local cur prev words cword
+  _init_completion || return
+
+  # Handle -m/--mnemonic-file argument (previous word was -m)
+  if [[ "\${prev}" == "-m" || "\${prev}" == "--mnemonic-file" ]]; then
+    local mnemonics
+    mnemonics=$(__xo_complete mnemonics "\${cur}")
+    if [[ -n "\${mnemonics}" ]]; then
+      while IFS= read -r line; do
+        COMPREPLY+=("\$line")
+      done <<< "\${mnemonics}"
+      return 0
+    fi
+  fi
+
+  # If the current word starts with "-", offer option flags
+  if [[ "\${cur}" == -* ]]; then
+    COMPREPLY=($(compgen -W "${options}" -- "\${cur}"))
+    return 0
+  fi
+
+  # Find the command and subcommand positions
+  local cmd="" subcmd="" cmd_idx=0 subcmd_idx=0
+  for ((i=1; i < cword; i++)); do
+    if [[ "\${words[i]}" != -* ]]; then
+      if [[ -z "\${cmd}" ]]; then
+        cmd="\${words[i]}"
+        cmd_idx=\$i
+      else
+        subcmd="\${words[i]}"
+        subcmd_idx=\$i
+        break
+      fi
+    fi
+  done
+
+  # No command yet — offer the top-level commands
+  if [[ -z "\${cmd}" ]]; then
+    COMPREPLY=($(compgen -W "${commands}" -- "\${cur}"))
+    return 0
+  fi
+
+  # Handle each command's completion
+  case "\${cmd}" in
+    mnemonic)
+      if [[ -z "\${subcmd}" ]]; then
+        COMPREPLY=($(compgen -W "${MNEMONIC_SUBS.join(" ")}" -- "\${cur}"))
+      fi
+      ;;
+
+    template)
+      if [[ -z "\${subcmd}" ]]; then
+        COMPREPLY=($(compgen -W "${TEMPLATE_SUBS.join(" ")}" -- "\${cur}"))
+      elif [[ "\${subcmd}" == "list" || "\${subcmd}" == "inspect" ]]; then
+        # template list/inspect <category> <template> [field] - category first, then template
+        local pos=$((cword - subcmd_idx))
+        if [[ \$pos -eq 1 ]]; then
+          COMPREPLY=($(compgen -W "action transaction output lockingscript variable" -- "\${cur}"))
+        elif [[ \$pos -eq 2 ]]; then
+          local templates
+          templates=$(__xo_complete templates "\${cur}")
+          if [[ -n "\${templates}" ]]; then
+            while IFS= read -r line; do
+              COMPREPLY+=("\$line")
+            done <<< "\${templates}"
+          fi
+        fi
+      elif [[ "\${subcmd}" == "set-default" ]]; then
+        # template set-default <template> <output> <role> - template first
+        local pos=$((cword - subcmd_idx))
+        if [[ \$pos -eq 1 ]]; then
+          local templates
+          templates=$(__xo_complete templates "\${cur}")
+          if [[ -n "\${templates}" ]]; then
+            while IFS= read -r line; do
+              COMPREPLY+=("\$line")
+            done <<< "\${templates}"
+          fi
+        fi
+      fi
+      ;;
+
+    invitation)
+      if [[ -z "\${subcmd}" ]]; then
+        COMPREPLY=($(compgen -W "${INVITATION_SUBS.join(" ")}" -- "\${cur}"))
+      else
+        case "\${subcmd}" in
+          create)
+            # invitation create <template> <action> - offer templates then actions
+            local pos=$((cword - subcmd_idx))
+            if [[ \$pos -eq 1 ]]; then
+              local templates
+              templates=$(__xo_complete templates "\${cur}")
+              if [[ -n "\${templates}" ]]; then
+                while IFS= read -r line; do
+                  COMPREPLY+=("\$line")
+                done <<< "\${templates}"
+              fi
+            elif [[ \$pos -eq 2 ]]; then
+              local template_arg="\${words[subcmd_idx + 1]}"
+              local actions
+              actions=$(__xo_complete actions "\${template_arg}" "\${cur}")
+              if [[ -n "\${actions}" ]]; then
+                while IFS= read -r line; do
+                  COMPREPLY+=("\$line")
+                done <<< "\${actions}"
+              fi
+            fi
+            ;;
+          append|sign|broadcast|requirements|inspect)
+            # These take an invitation ID
+            local pos=$((cword - subcmd_idx))
+            if [[ \$pos -eq 1 ]]; then
+              local invitations
+              invitations=$(__xo_complete invitations "\${cur}")
+              if [[ -n "\${invitations}" ]]; then
+                while IFS= read -r line; do
+                  COMPREPLY+=("\$line")
+                done <<< "\${invitations}"
+              fi
+            fi
+            ;;
+          import)
+            # import takes a file path - use default file completion
+            COMPREPLY=($(compgen -f -- "\${cur}"))
+            ;;
+        esac
+      fi
+      ;;
+
+    resource)
+      if [[ -z "\${subcmd}" ]]; then
+        COMPREPLY=($(compgen -W "${RESOURCE_SUBS.join(" ")}" -- "\${cur}"))
+      elif [[ "\${subcmd}" == "unreserve" ]]; then
+        # resource unreserve <txhash:vout> - offer resources
+        local pos=$((cword - subcmd_idx))
+        if [[ \$pos -eq 1 ]]; then
+          local resources
+          resources=$(__xo_complete resources "\${cur}")
+          if [[ -n "\${resources}" ]]; then
+            while IFS= read -r line; do
+              COMPREPLY+=("\$line")
+            done <<< "\${resources}"
+          fi
+        fi
+      fi
+      ;;
+
+    receive)
+      # receive <template> [output] - offer templates
+      local pos=$((cword - cmd_idx))
+      if [[ \$pos -eq 1 ]]; then
+        local templates
+        templates=$(__xo_complete templates "\${cur}")
+        if [[ -n "\${templates}" ]]; then
+          while IFS= read -r line; do
+            COMPREPLY+=("\$line")
+          done <<< "\${templates}"
+        fi
+      fi
+      ;;
+
+    completions)
+      if [[ -z "\${subcmd}" ]]; then
+        COMPREPLY=($(compgen -W "bash zsh fish" -- "\${cur}"))
+      fi
+      ;;
+  esac
+}
+
+complete -F _${funcName}_completions ${binName}
+`;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Generates a zsh completion script with dynamic completion support.
+ * @param binName - The name of the CLI binary.
+ */
+export function generateZshCompletions(binName: string): string {
+  const commands = Object.keys(COMMAND_TREE).join(" ");
+  const options = GLOBAL_OPTIONS.join(" ");
+  const funcName = binName.replace(/-/g, "_");
+
+  return `# zsh completion for ${binName}
+# Add to ~/.zshrc:  eval "$(${binName} completions zsh)"
+
+# Find xo-complete in the same directory as xo-cli
+__xo_complete_bin=""
+if (( \$+commands[xo-complete] )); then
+  __xo_complete_bin="xo-complete"
+elif (( \$+commands[${binName}] )); then
+  __xo_complete_bin="\${commands[${binName}]:h}/xo-complete"
+fi
+
+# Wrapper to call xo-complete helper
+__xo_complete() {
+  [[ -n "\${__xo_complete_bin}" ]] && "\${__xo_complete_bin}" "$@" 2>/dev/null
+}
+
+_${funcName}_completions() {
+  local -a commands
+  commands=(${commands})
+
+  # Handle -m/--mnemonic-file argument (previous word was -m)
+  if [[ "\${words[CURRENT-1]}" == "-m" || "\${words[CURRENT-1]}" == "--mnemonic-file" ]]; then
+    local mnemonics
+    mnemonics=("\${(@f)$(__xo_complete mnemonics "\${words[CURRENT]}")}")
+    if [[ \${#mnemonics[@]} -gt 0 ]]; then
+      compadd -- "\${mnemonics[@]}"
+      return
+    fi
+  fi
+
+  # If typing an option flag, complete options
+  if [[ "\${words[\${CURRENT}]}" == -* ]]; then
+    compadd -- ${options}
+    return
+  fi
+
+  # Find the command and subcommand
+  local cmd="" subcmd="" cmd_idx=0 subcmd_idx=0
+  for ((i=2; i < CURRENT; i++)); do
+    if [[ "\${words[i]}" != -* ]]; then
+      if [[ -z "\${cmd}" ]]; then
+        cmd="\${words[i]}"
+        cmd_idx=\$i
+      else
+        subcmd="\${words[i]}"
+        subcmd_idx=\$i
+        break
+      fi
+    fi
+  done
+
+  # No command yet — offer top-level commands
+  if [[ -z "\${cmd}" ]]; then
+    compadd -- \${commands[@]}
+    return
+  fi
+
+  # Handle each command's completion
+  case "\${cmd}" in
+    mnemonic)
+      if [[ -z "\${subcmd}" ]]; then
+        compadd -- ${MNEMONIC_SUBS.join(" ")}
+      fi
+      ;;
+
+    template)
+      if [[ -z "\${subcmd}" ]]; then
+        compadd -- ${TEMPLATE_SUBS.join(" ")}
+      elif [[ "\${subcmd}" == "list" || "\${subcmd}" == "inspect" ]]; then
+        # template list/inspect <category> <template> - category first
+        local pos=$((CURRENT - subcmd_idx))
+        if [[ \$pos -eq 1 ]]; then
+          compadd -- action transaction output lockingscript variable
+        elif [[ \$pos -eq 2 ]]; then
+          local templates
+          templates=("\${(@f)$(__xo_complete templates "\${words[CURRENT]}")}")
+          if [[ \${#templates[@]} -gt 0 ]]; then
+            compadd -- "\${templates[@]}"
+          fi
+        fi
+      elif [[ "\${subcmd}" == "set-default" ]]; then
+        # template set-default <template> <output> <role> - template first
+        local pos=$((CURRENT - subcmd_idx))
+        if [[ \$pos -eq 1 ]]; then
+          local templates
+          templates=("\${(@f)$(__xo_complete templates "\${words[CURRENT]}")}")
+          if [[ \${#templates[@]} -gt 0 ]]; then
+            compadd -- "\${templates[@]}"
+          fi
+        fi
+      fi
+      ;;
+
+    invitation)
+      if [[ -z "\${subcmd}" ]]; then
+        compadd -- ${INVITATION_SUBS.join(" ")}
+      else
+        case "\${subcmd}" in
+          create)
+            local pos=$((CURRENT - subcmd_idx))
+            if [[ \$pos -eq 1 ]]; then
+              local templates
+              templates=("\${(@f)$(__xo_complete templates "\${words[CURRENT]}")}")
+              if [[ \${#templates[@]} -gt 0 ]]; then
+                compadd -- "\${templates[@]}"
+              fi
+            elif [[ \$pos -eq 2 ]]; then
+              local template_arg="\${words[subcmd_idx + 1]}"
+              local actions
+              actions=("\${(@f)$(__xo_complete actions "\${template_arg}" "\${words[CURRENT]}")}")
+              if [[ \${#actions[@]} -gt 0 ]]; then
+                compadd -- "\${actions[@]}"
+              fi
+            fi
+            ;;
+          append|sign|broadcast|requirements|inspect)
+            local pos=$((CURRENT - subcmd_idx))
+            if [[ \$pos -eq 1 ]]; then
+              local invitations
+              invitations=("\${(@f)$(__xo_complete invitations "\${words[CURRENT]}")}")
+              if [[ \${#invitations[@]} -gt 0 ]]; then
+                compadd -- "\${invitations[@]}"
+              fi
+            fi
+            ;;
+          import)
+            _files
+            ;;
+        esac
+      fi
+      ;;
+
+    resource)
+      if [[ -z "\${subcmd}" ]]; then
+        compadd -- ${RESOURCE_SUBS.join(" ")}
+      elif [[ "\${subcmd}" == "unreserve" ]]; then
+        local pos=$((CURRENT - subcmd_idx))
+        if [[ \$pos -eq 1 ]]; then
+          local resources
+          resources=("\${(@f)$(__xo_complete resources "\${words[CURRENT]}")}")
+          if [[ \${#resources[@]} -gt 0 ]]; then
+            compadd -- "\${resources[@]}"
+          fi
+        fi
+      fi
+      ;;
+
+    receive)
+      local pos=$((CURRENT - cmd_idx))
+      if [[ \$pos -eq 1 ]]; then
+        local templates
+        templates=("\${(@f)$(__xo_complete templates "\${words[CURRENT]}")}")
+        if [[ \${#templates[@]} -gt 0 ]]; then
+          compadd -- "\${templates[@]}"
+        fi
+      fi
+      ;;
+
+    completions)
+      if [[ -z "\${subcmd}" ]]; then
+        compadd -- bash zsh fish
+      fi
+      ;;
+  esac
+}
+
+compdef _${funcName}_completions ${binName}
+`;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Generates a fish completion script with dynamic completion support.
+ * @param binName - The name of the CLI binary.
+ */
+export function generateFishCompletions(binName: string): string {
+  const lines: string[] = [
+    `# fish completion for ${binName}`,
+    `# Add to fish config:  ${binName} completions fish | source`,
+    "",
+    `# Disable file completions by default`,
+    `complete -c ${binName} -f`,
+    "",
+    `# Helper function to get dynamic completions`,
+    `# Finds xo-complete in the same directory as ${binName}`,
+    `function __${binName.replace(/-/g, "_")}_complete_dynamic`,
+    `  set -l xo_complete_bin ""`,
+    `  if command -q xo-complete`,
+    `    set xo_complete_bin xo-complete`,
+    `  else if command -q ${binName}`,
+    `    set xo_complete_bin (dirname (command -s ${binName}))/xo-complete`,
+    `  end`,
+    `  if test -n "$xo_complete_bin"`,
+    `    $xo_complete_bin $argv 2>/dev/null`,
+    `  end`,
+    `end`,
+    "",
+  ];
+
+  // Global options
+  for (const opt of GLOBAL_OPTIONS) {
+    const isShort = !opt.startsWith("--");
+    const flag = opt.replace(/^-+/, "");
+    if (isShort) {
+      lines.push(`complete -c ${binName} -s ${flag} -d "Option flag"`);
+    } else {
+      lines.push(`complete -c ${binName} -l ${flag} -d "Option flag"`);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Mnemonic file completion for -m
+  lines.push("");
+  lines.push(`# Dynamic mnemonic file completion for -m`);
+  lines.push(`complete -c ${binName} -s m -l mnemonic-file -xa '(__${binName.replace(/-/g, "_")}_complete_dynamic mnemonics)'`);
+  lines.push("");
+
+  // Top-level commands (only when no sub-command is given yet)
+  lines.push(`# Top-level commands`);
+  const commandNames = Object.keys(COMMAND_TREE);
+  for (const cmd of commandNames) {
+    lines.push(`complete -c ${binName} -n "__fish_use_subcommand" -a "${cmd}" -d "${cmd} command"`);
+  }
+  lines.push("");
+
+  // Static sub-commands for each command
+  lines.push(`# Static sub-commands`);
+  for (const [cmd, subs] of Object.entries(COMMAND_TREE)) {
+    for (const sub of subs) {
+      lines.push(`complete -c ${binName} -n "__fish_seen_subcommand_from ${cmd}; and not __fish_seen_subcommand_from ${subs.join(" ")}" -a "${sub}" -d "${cmd} ${sub}"`);
+    }
+  }
+  lines.push("");
+
+  // Dynamic completions
+  lines.push(`# Dynamic completions`);
+  lines.push("");
+
+  // invitation create <template> <action>
+  lines.push(`# invitation create: template names`);
+  lines.push(`complete -c ${binName} -n "__fish_seen_subcommand_from invitation; and __fish_seen_subcommand_from create; and test (count (commandline -opc)) -eq 3" -xa '(__${binName.replace(/-/g, "_")}_complete_dynamic templates)'`);
+  lines.push("");
+
+  // invitation append/sign/broadcast/requirements/inspect: invitation IDs
+  lines.push(`# invitation append/sign/broadcast/requirements/inspect: invitation IDs`);
+  for (const sub of ["append", "sign", "broadcast", "requirements", "inspect"]) {
+    lines.push(`complete -c ${binName} -n "__fish_seen_subcommand_from invitation; and __fish_seen_subcommand_from ${sub}; and test (count (commandline -opc)) -eq 3" -xa '(__${binName.replace(/-/g, "_")}_complete_dynamic invitations)'`);
+  }
+  lines.push("");
+
+  // invitation import: file completion
+  lines.push(`# invitation import: file completion`);
+  lines.push(`complete -c ${binName} -n "__fish_seen_subcommand_from invitation; and __fish_seen_subcommand_from import" -F`);
+  lines.push("");
+
+  // template list/inspect: category first, then template
+  lines.push(`# template list/inspect: category first (pos 3), then template (pos 4)`);
+  for (const sub of ["list", "inspect"]) {
+    lines.push(`complete -c ${binName} -n "__fish_seen_subcommand_from template; and __fish_seen_subcommand_from ${sub}; and test (count (commandline -opc)) -eq 3" -xa 'action transaction output lockingscript variable'`);
+    lines.push(`complete -c ${binName} -n "__fish_seen_subcommand_from template; and __fish_seen_subcommand_from ${sub}; and test (count (commandline -opc)) -eq 4" -xa '(__${binName.replace(/-/g, "_")}_complete_dynamic templates)'`);
+  }
+  lines.push("");
+
+  // template set-default: template first
+  lines.push(`# template set-default: template first`);
+  lines.push(`complete -c ${binName} -n "__fish_seen_subcommand_from template; and __fish_seen_subcommand_from set-default; and test (count (commandline -opc)) -eq 3" -xa '(__${binName.replace(/-/g, "_")}_complete_dynamic templates)'`);
+  lines.push("");
+
+  // resource unreserve: outpoints
+  lines.push(`# resource unreserve: UTXO outpoints`);
+  lines.push(`complete -c ${binName} -n "__fish_seen_subcommand_from resource; and __fish_seen_subcommand_from unreserve; and test (count (commandline -opc)) -eq 3" -xa '(__${binName.replace(/-/g, "_")}_complete_dynamic resources)'`);
+  lines.push("");
+
+  // receive: template names
+  lines.push(`# receive: template names`);
+  lines.push(`complete -c ${binName} -n "__fish_seen_subcommand_from receive; and test (count (commandline -opc)) -eq 2" -xa '(__${binName.replace(/-/g, "_")}_complete_dynamic templates)'`);
+
+  return lines.join("\n") + "\n";
+}
+
+type ShellType = "bash" | "zsh" | "fish";
+
+const generators: Record<ShellType, (binName: string) => string> = {
+  bash: generateBashCompletions,
+  zsh: generateZshCompletions,
+  fish: generateFishCompletions,
+};
+
+/**
+ * Handles the `completions` command.
+ * Prints the generated completion script for the given shell to stdout.
+ * @param args - Positional args after "completions", e.g. ["bash"].
+ * @param binName - The CLI binary name to use in the completion script.
+ */
+export function handleCompletionsCommand(args: string[], binName: string = "xo-cli"): void {
+  const shell = args[0] as ShellType | undefined;
+
+  if (!shell || !generators[shell]) {
+    const supported = Object.keys(generators).join(", ");
+    console.error(`Usage: ${binName} completions <${supported}>`);
+    console.error("");
+    console.error("Examples:");
+    console.error(`  eval "$(${binName} completions bash)"   # Add to ~/.bashrc`);
+    console.error(`  eval "$(${binName} completions zsh)"    # Add to ~/.zshrc`);
+    console.error(`  ${binName} completions fish | source    # Add to fish config`);
+    process.exit(1);
+  }
+
+  process.stdout.write(generators[shell](binName));
+}

src/cli/autocomplete/offline-engine.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+/**
+ * Offline Engine Factory
+ *
+ * Creates a lightweight engine instance that reads from SQLite without any
+ * network connections. Used for fast shell completion queries.
+ *
+ * This bypasses the normal Engine.create() which initializes electrum connections,
+ * and instead constructs the engine directly with an in-memory blockchain provider.
+ */
+
+import { BlockchainMonitor, Engine, InMemoryBlockchainProvider } from "@xo-cash/engine";
+import { createStorageAdapter, State, StorageType } from "@xo-cash/state";
+import { convertMnemonicToSeedBytes } from "@xo-cash/crypto";
+import { binToHex, hash256 } from "@bitauth/libauth";
+import { createHash } from "crypto";
+
+/**
+ * Options for creating an offline engine.
+ */
+export interface OfflineEngineOptions {
+  /** Path to the directory containing SQLite database files. */
+  databasePath: string;
+  /** Filename of the SQLite database (will be prefixed with seed hash). */
+  databaseFilename: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates an engine instance in offline mode - SQLite only, no network.
+ * Used for fast completion queries where we only need to read local data.
+ *
+ * This is significantly faster than Engine.create() because it:
+ * - Skips electrum application initialization
+ * - Uses an in-memory blockchain provider (no network)
+ * - Skips state sync initialization
+ *
+ * @param seed - The wallet seed phrase
+ * @param options - Database configuration options
+ * @returns An engine instance configured for offline/read-only use
+ */
+export async function createOfflineEngine(
+  seed: string,
+  options: OfflineEngineOptions,
+): Promise<Engine> {
+  // Compute the seed hash (same logic as AppService.create)
+  const seedHash = createHash("sha256").update(seed).digest("hex");
+  const prefixedDatabaseFilename = `${seedHash.slice(0, 8)}-${options.databaseFilename}`;
+
+  // Generate account hash for storage namespace (must match Engine.create which uses hash256)
+  const seedAccountHash = hash256(convertMnemonicToSeedBytes(seed));
+
+  // Create the IndexedDB storage adapter (matches Engine.create default)
+  // Note: IndexedDB in Node uses a shim that stores data in SQLite files with .sqlite extension
+  const storageAdapter = await createStorageAdapter({
+    storageType: StorageType.INDEXEDDB,
+    databasePath: options.databasePath,
+    databaseFilename: prefixedDatabaseFilename,
+    accountHash: binToHex(seedAccountHash),
+  });
+
+  // Initialize the storage adapter
+  await storageAdapter.initialize();
+
+  // Create the state instance
+  const state = new State(storageAdapter);
+
+  // Use in-memory blockchain provider (no network connections)
+  const blockchainProvider = new InMemoryBlockchainProvider();
+  await blockchainProvider.initialize({
+    applicationIdentifier: "xo-cli-completions",
+    electrumOptions: {},
+  });
+
+  // Create a minimal blockchain monitor
+  const blockchainMonitor = new BlockchainMonitor(state, blockchainProvider);
+
+  // Construct engine directly without state sync
+  const engine = new Engine(seed, state, blockchainMonitor, blockchainProvider);
+
+  return engine;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Attempts to create an offline engine, returning null on failure.
+ * Useful for completion scripts where we don't want to crash on errors.
+ *
+ * @param seed - The wallet seed phrase
+ * @param options - Database configuration options
+ * @returns An engine instance or null if creation failed
+ */
+export async function tryCreateOfflineEngine(
+  seed: string,
+  options: OfflineEngineOptions,
+): Promise<Engine | null> {
+  try {
+    return await createOfflineEngine(seed, options);
+  } catch {
+    return null;
+  }
+}

src/cli/cli-utils.ts

@@ -42,7 +42,3 @@ export const formatObject = (obj: unknown) => {
     compact: false
   });
 };
-
-export const objectPrint = (obj: unknown) => {
-  console.log(formatObject(obj));
-};

src/cli/commands/index.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-export type { CommandDependencies } from "./types.js";
-
 export { handleMnemonicCommand, printMnemonicHelp } from "./mnemonic.js";
 export { handleTemplateCommand, printTemplateHelp } from "./template.js";
 export { handleInvitationCommand, printInvitationHelp } from "./invitation.js";
 export { handleReceiveCommand, printReceiveHelp } from "./receive.js";
 export { handleResourceCommand, printResourceHelp } from "./resource.js";
+
+export * from "./types.js";

src/cli/commands/invitation.ts

@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
-import { existsSync, readFileSync, writeFileSync } from "fs";
+import { readFileSync, writeFileSync } from "fs";
 import path from "path";
 import { generateTemplateIdentifier } from "@xo-cash/engine";
 import { binToHex, hexToBin } from "@bitauth/libauth";
 
 import { bold, dim, formatObject } from "../cli-utils.js";
-import type { CommandDependencies } from "./types.js";
+import type { CommandDependencies, CommandIO } from "./types.js";
+import { CommandError } from "./types.js";
 import type { Invitation } from "../../services/invitation.js";
 import {
   resolveProvidedLockingBytecodeHex,
@@ -12,6 +13,7 @@ import {
   autoSelectGreedyUtxos,
 } from "../../utils/invitation-flow.js";
 import { encodeExtendedJson } from "../../utils/ext-json.js";
+import { resolveTemplate } from "../utils.js";
 
 const DEFAULT_FEE = 500n;
 const DUST_THRESHOLD = 546n;
@@ -89,10 +91,10 @@ async function buildAppendParams(
       }));
 
     if (inputs.length === 0) {
-      console.error("No suitable UTXOs found for auto-input selection.");
+      deps.io.err("No suitable UTXOs found for auto-input selection.");
       return null;
     }
-    deps.verboseLogger(`Auto-selected ${inputs.length} input(s)`);
+    deps.io.verbose(`Auto-selected ${inputs.length} input(s)`);
   } else if (options["addInput"]) {
     inputs = options["addInput"].split(",").map((entry) => {
       const separatorIndex = entry.lastIndexOf(":");
@@ -110,7 +112,7 @@ async function buildAppendParams(
       };
     });
   }
-  deps.verboseLogger(`Inputs: ${formatObject(inputs.map(i => ({ txHash: binToHex(i.outpointTransactionHash), vout: i.outpointIndex })))}`);
+  deps.io.verbose(`Inputs: ${formatObject(inputs.map(i => ({ txHash: binToHex(i.outpointTransactionHash), vout: i.outpointIndex })))}`);
 
   // --- Outputs ---
   // When --add-output is provided, use those identifiers explicitly.
@@ -133,7 +135,7 @@ async function buildAppendParams(
     }
     outputIdentifiers = [...discovered];
     if (outputIdentifiers.length > 0) {
-      deps.verboseLogger(`Auto-discovered output(s) from template: ${outputIdentifiers.join(", ")}`);
+      deps.io.verbose(`Auto-discovered output(s) from template: ${outputIdentifiers.join(", ")}`);
     }
   }
 
@@ -161,14 +163,14 @@ async function buildAppendParams(
       const lockingBytecodeHex = providedHex
         ?? await invitation.generateLockingBytecode(outputId, roleIdentifier);
 
-      deps.verboseLogger(`Locking bytecode for output "${outputId}": ${lockingBytecodeHex}`);
+      deps.io.verbose(`Locking bytecode for output "${outputId}": ${lockingBytecodeHex}`);
       return {
         outputIdentifier: outputId,
         lockingBytecode: new Uint8Array(Buffer.from(lockingBytecodeHex, "hex")),
       };
     }),
   );
-  deps.verboseLogger(`Outputs: ${formatObject(outputs.map(o => o.outputIdentifier))}`);
+  deps.io.verbose(`Outputs: ${formatObject(outputs.map(o => o.outputIdentifier))}`);
 
   // --- Auto change output ---
   // When inputs are provided, look up each UTXO's value, compute the
@@ -182,29 +184,29 @@ async function buildAppendParams(
       const txHashHex = binToHex(input.outpointTransactionHash);
       const utxo = utxoMap.get(`${txHashHex}:${input.outpointIndex}`);
       if (!utxo) {
-        console.error(`UTXO not found: ${txHashHex}:${input.outpointIndex}. Make sure it exists in your wallet.`);
+        deps.io.err(`UTXO not found: ${txHashHex}:${input.outpointIndex}. Make sure it exists in your wallet.`);
         return null;
       }
       totalInputSats += BigInt(utxo.valueSatoshis);
     }
-    deps.verboseLogger(`Total input value: ${totalInputSats} satoshis`);
+    deps.io.verbose(`Total input value: ${totalInputSats} satoshis`);
 
     const requiredSats = await invitation.getSatsOut();
-    deps.verboseLogger(`Required output value: ${requiredSats} satoshis`);
+    deps.io.verbose(`Required output value: ${requiredSats} satoshis`);
 
     const changeAmount = totalInputSats - requiredSats - DEFAULT_FEE;
-    deps.verboseLogger(`Change amount: ${changeAmount} satoshis (fee: ${DEFAULT_FEE})`);
+    deps.io.verbose(`Change amount: ${changeAmount} satoshis (fee: ${DEFAULT_FEE})`);
 
     if (changeAmount < 0n) {
-      console.error(`Insufficient funds. Inputs total ${totalInputSats} sats, but need ${requiredSats + DEFAULT_FEE} sats (${requiredSats} required + ${DEFAULT_FEE} fee).`);
+      deps.io.err(`Insufficient funds. Inputs total ${totalInputSats} sats, but need ${requiredSats + DEFAULT_FEE} sats (${requiredSats} required + ${DEFAULT_FEE} fee).`);
       return null;
     }
 
     if (changeAmount >= DUST_THRESHOLD) {
       outputs.push({ valueSatoshis: changeAmount });
-      console.log(`Auto-adding change output: ${changeAmount} satoshis`);
+      deps.io.out(`Auto-adding change output: ${changeAmount} satoshis`);
     } else if (changeAmount > 0n) {
-      console.log(`Change ${changeAmount} sats is below dust threshold (${DUST_THRESHOLD} sats), donating to miners as fee.`);
+      deps.io.out(`Change ${changeAmount} sats is below dust threshold (${DUST_THRESHOLD} sats), donating to miners as fee.`);
     }
   }
 
@@ -214,8 +216,8 @@ async function buildAppendParams(
 /**
  * Prints the help message for the invitation command
  */
-export const printInvitationHelp = () => {
+export const printInvitationHelp = (io: CommandIO): void => {
-  console.log(
+  io.out(
 `
 ${bold("Usage:")} xo-cli invitation <sub-command>
 
@@ -242,82 +244,87 @@ ${bold("Create / Append options:")}
   `);
 };
 
+/**
+ * Result data returned by invitation commands on success.
+ */
+export type InvitationCommandResult = {
+  invitationIdentifier?: string;
+  txHash?: string;
+  count?: number;
+  templateName?: string;
+  actionIdentifier?: string;
+  status?: string;
+  entities?: { entityIdentifier: string; roles: (string | undefined)[] }[];
+  inputs?: unknown[];
+  outputs?: unknown[];
+  variables?: unknown[];
+};
+
 /**
  * Handles the invitation command.
+ * Throws CommandError on failure, returns result data on success.
  * @param deps - The command dependencies.
  * @param args - Positional args after the command name, e.g. ["create", "template.json", "action-id"].
  * @param options - Parsed option flags, e.g. { varRequestedSatohis: "1000", role: "receiver" }.
  */
-export const handleInvitationCommand = async (deps: CommandDependencies, args: string[], options: Record<string, string>): Promise<void> => {
+export const handleInvitationCommand = async (
+  deps: CommandDependencies,
+  args: string[],
+  options: Record<string, string>,
+): Promise<InvitationCommandResult> => {
   const subCommand = args[0];
-  deps.verboseLogger(`Invitation sub-command: ${subCommand}`);
+  deps.io.verbose(`Invitation sub-command: ${subCommand}`);
 
   if (!subCommand) {
-    deps.verboseLogger("No sub-command provided");
+    deps.io.verbose("No sub-command provided");
-    printInvitationHelp();
+    printInvitationHelp(deps.io);
-    return;
+    throw new CommandError("invitation.subcommand.missing", "No sub-command provided");
   }
 
   switch (subCommand) {
     case "create": {
-      const templateFile = args[1];
+      const templateQuery = args[1];
       const actionIdentifier = args[2];
-      deps.verboseLogger(`Template file: ${templateFile}, action identifier: ${actionIdentifier}`);
+      deps.io.verbose(`Template query: ${templateQuery}, action identifier: ${actionIdentifier}`);
 
-      if (!templateFile || !actionIdentifier) {
+      if (!templateQuery || !actionIdentifier) {
-        deps.verboseLogger("No template file or action identifier provided");
+        deps.io.verbose("No template file or action identifier provided");
-        printInvitationHelp();
+        printInvitationHelp(deps.io);
-        return;
+        throw new CommandError("invitation.create.arguments_missing", "No template file or action identifier provided");
       }
 
-      // Resolve and validate the template file path
+      const template = await resolveTemplate(deps, templateQuery);
-      const templatePath = path.resolve(`${process.cwd()}/${templateFile}`);
+      const templateIdentifier = generateTemplateIdentifier(template);
-      deps.verboseLogger(`Template path: ${templatePath}`);
-
-      if (!existsSync(templatePath)) {
-        console.error(`Template file does not exist: ${templatePath}`);
-        printInvitationHelp();
-        return;
-      }
-
-      const template = await readFileSync(templatePath, "utf8");
-      const templateIdentifier = generateTemplateIdentifier(JSON.parse(template));
-
-      // Create the base invitation via the engine
       const rawInvitation = await deps.app.engine.createInvitation({
-        templateIdentifier: templateIdentifier,
+        templateIdentifier,
-        actionIdentifier: actionIdentifier,
+        actionIdentifier,
       });
-      deps.verboseLogger(`XOInvitation created: ${formatObject(rawInvitation)}`);
+      deps.io.verbose(`XOInvitation created: ${formatObject(rawInvitation)}`);
 
       const invitationInstance = await deps.app.createInvitation(rawInvitation);
-      deps.verboseLogger(`Invitation created: ${formatObject(invitationInstance.data)}`);
+      deps.io.verbose(`Invitation created: ${formatObject(invitationInstance.data)}`);
 
-      // Commit variables first so getSatsOut can resolve them for change calc
-      // and resolveProvidedLockingBytecodeHex can read them from commits.
       const variables = parseVariablesFromOptions(options);
-      deps.verboseLogger(`Variables: ${formatObject(variables)}`);
+      deps.io.verbose(`Variables: ${formatObject(variables)}`);
       if (variables.length > 0) {
         await invitationInstance.addVariables(variables);
       }
 
-      // Parse inputs/outputs and calculate change (variables are now committed)
       const params = await buildAppendParams(deps, invitationInstance, options);
-      if (!params) return;
+      if (!params) {
+        throw new CommandError("invitation.create.append_params_failed", "Failed to build append parameters");
+      }
 
       const { inputs, outputs } = params;
-
       if (inputs.length > 0 || outputs.length > 0) {
         await invitationInstance.append({ inputs, outputs });
       }
 
-      // Save the invitation to a file
+      const invitationFilePath = `${deps.paths.workingDir}/inv-${invitationInstance.data.invitationIdentifier}.json`;
-      const invitationFilePath = `${process.cwd()}/inv-${invitationInstance.data.invitationIdentifier}.json`;
+      deps.io.verbose(`Invitation file path: ${invitationFilePath}`);
-      deps.verboseLogger(`Invitation file path: ${invitationFilePath}`);
       writeFileSync(invitationFilePath, encodeExtendedJson(invitationInstance.data, 2));
-      console.log(`Invitation created: ${path.basename(invitationFilePath)} (${invitationInstance.data.invitationIdentifier})`);
+      deps.io.out(`Invitation created: ${path.basename(invitationFilePath)} (${invitationInstance.data.invitationIdentifier})`);
 
-      // Check remaining requirements
       const missingRequirements = await invitationInstance.getMissingRequirements();
       const hasMissing =
         (missingRequirements.variables?.length ?? 0) > 0 ||
@@ -326,76 +333,74 @@ export const handleInvitationCommand = async (deps: CommandDependencies, args: s
         (missingRequirements.roles !== undefined && Object.keys(missingRequirements.roles).length > 0);
 
       if (hasMissing) {
-        console.log(`\n${bold("Remaining requirements:")}`);
+        deps.io.out(`\n${bold("Remaining requirements:")}`);
-        console.log(formatObject(missingRequirements));
+        deps.io.out(formatObject(missingRequirements));
       } else {
-        // --broadcast implies --sign
         const shouldSign = options["sign"] === "true" || options["broadcast"] === "true";
         const shouldBroadcast = options["broadcast"] === "true";
 
         if (shouldSign) {
           await invitationInstance.sign();
-          console.log(`Invitation signed: ${invitationInstance.data.invitationIdentifier}`);
+          deps.io.out(`Invitation signed: ${invitationInstance.data.invitationIdentifier}`);
         }
 
         if (shouldBroadcast) {
           const txHash = await invitationInstance.broadcast();
-          console.log(`Transaction broadcast: ${bold(txHash)}`);
+          deps.io.out(`Transaction broadcast: ${bold(txHash)}`);
         } else if (!shouldSign) {
-          console.log(`\n${bold("All requirements satisfied.")} You can now sign with: xo-cli invitation sign ${invitationInstance.data.invitationIdentifier}`);
+          deps.io.out(`\n${bold("All requirements satisfied.")} You can now sign with: xo-cli invitation sign ${invitationInstance.data.invitationIdentifier}`);
         }
       }
-      break;
+      return { invitationIdentifier: invitationInstance.data.invitationIdentifier };
     }
 
     case "append": {
       const invitationIdentifier = args[1];
-      deps.verboseLogger(`Invitation identifier: ${invitationIdentifier}`);
+      deps.io.verbose(`Invitation identifier: ${invitationIdentifier}`);
 
       if (!invitationIdentifier) {
-        deps.verboseLogger("No invitation identifier provided");
+        deps.io.verbose("No invitation identifier provided");
-        printInvitationHelp();
+        printInvitationHelp(deps.io);
-        return;
+        throw new CommandError("invitation.append.identifier_missing", "No invitation identifier provided");
       }
 
-      // Find the invitation by identifier
+      const invitation = deps.app.invitations.find(
-      const invitation = deps.app.invitations.find(inv => inv.data.invitationIdentifier === invitationIdentifier);
+        (inv) => inv.data.invitationIdentifier === invitationIdentifier,
+      );
       if (!invitation) {
-        console.error(`Invitation not found: ${invitationIdentifier}`);
+        deps.io.err(`Invitation not found: ${invitationIdentifier}`);
-        return;
+        throw new CommandError("invitation.append.not_found", `Invitation not found: ${invitationIdentifier}`);
       }
-      deps.verboseLogger(`Invitation: ${formatObject(invitation.data)}`);
+      deps.io.verbose(`Invitation: ${formatObject(invitation.data)}`);
 
-      // Commit variables first so getSatsOut can resolve them for change calc
       const variables = parseVariablesFromOptions(options);
-      deps.verboseLogger(`Variables to append: ${formatObject(variables)}`);
+      deps.io.verbose(`Variables to append: ${formatObject(variables)}`);
       if (variables.length > 0) {
         await invitation.addVariables(variables);
       }
 
-      // Parse inputs/outputs and calculate change (variables are now committed)
       const params = await buildAppendParams(deps, invitation, options);
-      if (!params) return;
+      if (!params) {
+        throw new CommandError("invitation.append.params_failed", "Failed to build append parameters");
+      }
 
       const { inputs, outputs } = params;
-
       if (variables.length === 0 && inputs.length === 0 && outputs.length === 0) {
-        console.error("Nothing to append. Provide variables (-var-<name> <value>), inputs (--add-input <txhash>:<vout>), or outputs (--add-output <identifier>).");
+        const error = "Nothing to append. Provide variables (-var-<name> <value>), inputs (--add-input <txhash>:<vout>), or outputs (--add-output <identifier>).";
-        return;
+        deps.io.err(error);
+        throw new CommandError("invitation.append.empty", error);
       }
 
       if (inputs.length > 0 || outputs.length > 0) {
         await invitation.append({ inputs, outputs });
       }
-      deps.verboseLogger(`Invitation appended: ${formatObject(invitation.data)}`);
+      deps.io.verbose(`Invitation appended: ${formatObject(invitation.data)}`);
-      console.log(`Invitation appended: ${invitationIdentifier}`);
+      deps.io.out(`Invitation appended: ${invitationIdentifier}`);
 
-      // Save the updated invitation to a file
+      const invitationFilePath = `${deps.paths.workingDir}/inv-${invitation.data.invitationIdentifier}.json`;
-      const invitationFilePath = `${process.cwd()}/inv-${invitation.data.invitationIdentifier}.json`;
       writeFileSync(invitationFilePath, encodeExtendedJson(invitation.data, 2));
-      console.log(`Invitation updated: ${path.basename(invitationFilePath)} (${invitation.data.invitationIdentifier})`);
+      deps.io.out(`Invitation updated: ${path.basename(invitationFilePath)} (${invitation.data.invitationIdentifier})`);
 
-      // Check remaining requirements
       const missingRequirements = await invitation.getMissingRequirements();
       const hasMissing =
         (missingRequirements.variables?.length ?? 0) > 0 ||
@@ -404,138 +409,189 @@ export const handleInvitationCommand = async (deps: CommandDependencies, args: s
         (missingRequirements.roles !== undefined && Object.keys(missingRequirements.roles).length > 0);
 
       if (hasMissing) {
-        console.log(`\n${bold("Remaining requirements:")}`);
+        deps.io.out(`\n${bold("Remaining requirements:")}`);
-        console.log(formatObject(missingRequirements));
+        deps.io.out(formatObject(missingRequirements));
       } else {
         const shouldSign = options["sign"] === "true" || options["broadcast"] === "true";
         const shouldBroadcast = options["broadcast"] === "true";
 
         if (shouldSign) {
           await invitation.sign();
-          console.log(`Invitation signed: ${invitationIdentifier}`);
+          deps.io.out(`Invitation signed: ${invitationIdentifier}`);
         }
 
         if (shouldBroadcast) {
           const txHash = await invitation.broadcast();
-          console.log(`Transaction broadcast: ${bold(txHash)}`);
+          deps.io.out(`Transaction broadcast: ${bold(txHash)}`);
         } else if (!shouldSign) {
-          console.log(`\n${bold("All requirements satisfied.")} You can now sign with: xo-cli invitation sign ${invitationIdentifier}`);
+          deps.io.out(`\n${bold("All requirements satisfied.")} You can now sign with: xo-cli invitation sign ${invitationIdentifier}`);
         }
       }
-      break;
+      return { invitationIdentifier };
     }
 
     case "sign": {
       const invitationIdentifier = args[1];
-      deps.verboseLogger(`Invitation identifier: ${invitationIdentifier}`);
+      deps.io.verbose(`Invitation identifier: ${invitationIdentifier}`);
-
-      // Check if the invitation identifier is provided
       if (!invitationIdentifier) {
-        deps.verboseLogger("No invitation identifier provided");
+        deps.io.verbose("No invitation identifier provided");
-        printInvitationHelp();
+        printInvitationHelp(deps.io);
-        return;
+        throw new CommandError("invitation.sign.identifier_missing", "No invitation identifier provided");
       }
 
-      // Find the invitation by identifier
+      const invitation = deps.app.invitations.find(
-      const invitation = await deps.app.invitations.find(invitation => invitation.data.invitationIdentifier === invitationIdentifier);
+        (candidate) => candidate.data.invitationIdentifier === invitationIdentifier,
+      );
       if (!invitation) {
-        console.error(`Invitation not found: ${invitationIdentifier}`);
+        deps.io.err(`Invitation not found: ${invitationIdentifier}`);
-        return;
+        throw new CommandError("invitation.sign.not_found", `Invitation not found: ${invitationIdentifier}`);
       }
-      deps.verboseLogger(`Invitation: ${formatObject(invitation.data)}`);
+      deps.io.verbose(`Invitation: ${formatObject(invitation.data)}`);
 
-      // Sign the invitation
       await invitation.sign();
-      deps.verboseLogger(`Invitation signed: ${formatObject(invitation.data)}`);
+      deps.io.verbose(`Invitation signed: ${formatObject(invitation.data)}`);
-      console.log(`Invitation signed: ${invitationIdentifier}`);
+      deps.io.out(`Invitation signed: ${invitationIdentifier}`);
-      break;
+      return { invitationIdentifier };
     }
 
     case "broadcast": {
       const invitationIdentifier = args[1];
-      deps.verboseLogger(`Invitation identifier: ${invitationIdentifier}`);
+      deps.io.verbose(`Invitation identifier: ${invitationIdentifier}`);
-
-      // Check if the invitation identifier is provided
       if (!invitationIdentifier) {
-        deps.verboseLogger("No invitation identifier provided");
+        deps.io.verbose("No invitation identifier provided");
-        printInvitationHelp();
+        printInvitationHelp(deps.io);
-        return;
+        throw new CommandError("invitation.broadcast.identifier_missing", "No invitation identifier provided");
       }
 
-      // Find the invitation by identifier
+      const invitation = deps.app.invitations.find(
-      const invitation = await deps.app.invitations.find(invitation => invitation.data.invitationIdentifier === invitationIdentifier);
+        (candidate) => candidate.data.invitationIdentifier === invitationIdentifier,
+      );
       if (!invitation) {
-        console.error(`Invitation not found: ${invitationIdentifier}`);
+        deps.io.err(`Invitation not found: ${invitationIdentifier}`);
-        return;
+        throw new CommandError("invitation.broadcast.not_found", `Invitation not found: ${invitationIdentifier}`);
       }
-      deps.verboseLogger(`Invitation: ${formatObject(invitation.data)}`);
+      deps.io.verbose(`Invitation: ${formatObject(invitation.data)}`);
 
-      // Broadcast the invitation
       const txHash = await invitation.broadcast();
-      deps.verboseLogger(`Invitation broadcasted: ${formatObject(invitation.data)}`);
+      deps.io.verbose(`Invitation broadcasted: ${formatObject(invitation.data)}`);
-      console.log(`Transaction broadcast: ${bold(txHash)}`);
+      deps.io.out(`Transaction broadcast: ${bold(txHash)}`);
-      break;
+      return { invitationIdentifier, txHash };
     }
 
     case "requirements": {
       const invitationIdentifier = args[1];
-      deps.verboseLogger(`Invitation identifier: ${invitationIdentifier}`);
+      deps.io.verbose(`Invitation identifier: ${invitationIdentifier}`);
-
-      // Check if the invitation identifier is provided
       if (!invitationIdentifier) {
-        deps.verboseLogger("No invitation identifier provided");
+        deps.io.verbose("No invitation identifier provided");
-        printInvitationHelp();
+        printInvitationHelp(deps.io);
-        return;
+        throw new CommandError("invitation.requirements.identifier_missing", "No invitation identifier provided");
       }
 
-      // Find the invitation by identifier
+      const invitation = deps.app.invitations.find(
-      const invitation = await deps.app.invitations.find(invitation => invitation.data.invitationIdentifier === invitationIdentifier);
+        (candidate) => candidate.data.invitationIdentifier === invitationIdentifier,
+      );
       if (!invitation) {
-        console.error(`Invitation not found: ${invitationIdentifier}`);
+        deps.io.err(`Invitation not found: ${invitationIdentifier}`);
-        return;
+        throw new CommandError("invitation.requirements.not_found", `Invitation not found: ${invitationIdentifier}`);
       }
-      deps.verboseLogger(`Invitation: ${formatObject(invitation.data)}`);
+      deps.io.verbose(`Invitation: ${formatObject(invitation.data)}`);
 
-      // List the requirements for the invitation
       const requirements = await deps.app.engine.listRequirements(invitation.data);
-      deps.verboseLogger(`Requirements: ${formatObject(requirements)}`);
+      deps.io.verbose(`Requirements: ${formatObject(requirements)}`);
-      console.log(formatObject(requirements));
+      deps.io.out(formatObject(requirements));
-      break;
+      return { invitationIdentifier };
+    }
+
+    case "inspect": {
+      const invitationFilePath = args[1];
+      deps.io.verbose(`Invitation file path: ${invitationFilePath}`);
+
+      if (!invitationFilePath) {
+        deps.io.verbose("No invitation file provided");
+        printInvitationHelp(deps.io);
+        throw new CommandError("invitation.inspect.file_missing", "No invitation file provided");
+      }
+      
+      const invitationFile = await readFileSync(invitationFilePath, "utf8");
+      deps.io.verbose(`Invitation file: ${invitationFile}`);
+      
+      const invitation = JSON.parse(invitationFile);
+      deps.io.verbose(`Invitation: ${formatObject(invitation)}`);
+      
+      const invitationInstance = await deps.app.createInvitation(invitation);
+      deps.io.verbose(`Invitation created: ${formatObject(invitationInstance.data)}`);
+
+      const template = await deps.app.engine.getTemplate(invitationInstance.data.templateIdentifier);
+      
+      const action = template?.actions[invitationInstance.data.actionIdentifier];
+      deps.io.verbose(`Action: ${formatObject(action)}`);
+      if (!action) {
+        deps.io.err(`Action not found: ${invitationInstance.data.actionIdentifier}`);
+        throw new CommandError("invitation.inspect.action_not_found", `Action not found: ${invitationInstance.data.actionIdentifier}`);
+      }
+      
+      const status = invitationInstance.status;
+      deps.io.verbose(`Status: ${status}`);
+      
+      const entities = Array.from(new Set(invitationInstance.data.commits.map((commit) => commit.entityIdentifier)));
+      deps.io.verbose(`Entities: ${formatObject(entities)}`);
+
+      const entitiesWithRoles = entities.map((entity) => {
+        return {
+          entityIdentifier: entity,
+          roles: invitationInstance.data.commits.filter((commit) => commit.entityIdentifier === entity).map((commit) => {
+            return [
+              ...(commit.data.inputs?.map((input) => input.roleIdentifier) ?? []),
+              ...(commit.data.outputs?.map((output) => output.roleIdentifier) ?? []),
+              ...(commit.data.variables?.map((variable) => variable.roleIdentifier) ?? []),
+            ];
+          }).flat().filter((role) => role !== undefined)
+        };
+      });
+      
+      const inputs = invitationInstance.data.commits.flatMap((commit) => commit.data.inputs ?? []);
+      deps.io.verbose(`Inputs: ${formatObject(inputs)}`);
+      
+      const outputs = invitationInstance.data.commits.flatMap((commit) => commit.data.outputs ?? []);
+      deps.io.verbose(`Outputs: ${formatObject(outputs)}`);
+
+      const variables = invitationInstance.data.commits.flatMap((commit) => commit.data.variables ?? []);
+      deps.io.verbose(`Variables: ${formatObject(variables)}`);
+
+      return { 
+        templateName: template?.name ?? "Unknown",
+        actionIdentifier: invitationInstance.data.actionIdentifier,
+        status: status,
+        entities: entitiesWithRoles,
+        inputs: inputs,
+        outputs: outputs,
+        variables: variables,
+      };
     }
 
     case "import": {
-      // Check if the invitation file path is provided
       const invitationFilePath = args[1];
-      deps.verboseLogger(`Invitation file path: ${invitationFilePath}`);
+      deps.io.verbose(`Invitation file path: ${invitationFilePath}`);
 
-      // Check if the invitation file path is provided
       if (!invitationFilePath) {
-        deps.verboseLogger("No invitation file provided");
+        deps.io.verbose("No invitation file provided");
-        printInvitationHelp();
+        printInvitationHelp(deps.io);
-        return;
+        throw new CommandError("invitation.import.file_missing", "No invitation file provided");
       }
 
-      // Read the invitation file
       const invitationFile = await readFileSync(invitationFilePath, "utf8");
-      deps.verboseLogger(`Invitation file: ${invitationFile}`);
+      deps.io.verbose(`Invitation file: ${invitationFile}`);
-
-      // Parse the invitation file
       const invitation = JSON.parse(invitationFile);
-      deps.verboseLogger(`Invitation: ${formatObject(invitation)}`);
+      deps.io.verbose(`Invitation: ${formatObject(invitation)}`);
-
-      // Create the invitation (internal to XO Engine)
       const xoInvitation = await deps.app.engine.createInvitation(invitation);
-
-      // Create the invitation instance
       const invitationInstance = await deps.app.createInvitation(xoInvitation);
-      deps.verboseLogger(`Invitation created: ${formatObject(invitationInstance.data)}`);
+      deps.io.verbose(`Invitation created: ${formatObject(invitationInstance.data)}`);
-      break;
+      return { invitationIdentifier: invitationInstance.data.invitationIdentifier };
     }
 
     case "list": {
-      // List all invitations
+      const invitations = await Promise.all(
-      const invitations = await Promise.all(deps.app.invitations.map(async invitation => {
+        deps.app.invitations.map(async (invitation) => {
-        // Get the template for the invitation so we can display the name of it
           const template = await deps.app.engine.getTemplate(invitation.data.templateIdentifier);
           return {
             invitationIdentifier: invitation.data.invitationIdentifier,
@@ -543,20 +599,22 @@ export const handleInvitationCommand = async (deps: CommandDependencies, args: s
             actionIdentifier: invitation.data.actionIdentifier,
             templateName: template?.name ?? "Unknown",
             status: invitation.status,
-          roleIdentifier: 'TODO: Get role identifier',
+            roleIdentifier: "TODO: Get role identifier",
           };
-      }));
+        }),
-      deps.verboseLogger(`Invitations: ${formatObject(invitations)}`);
+      );
-
+      deps.io.verbose(`Invitations: ${formatObject(invitations)}`);
-      // Format the invitations for display and print it
+      const formattedInvitations = invitations.map(
-      const formattedInvitations = invitations.map(invitation => `${bold(invitation.templateName)} ${dim(invitation.status)} ${dim(invitation.invitationIdentifier)} ${dim(invitation.actionIdentifier)} (${dim(invitation.roleIdentifier)})`);
+        (invitation) =>
-      console.log(formattedInvitations.join('\n'));
+          `${bold(invitation.templateName)} ${dim(invitation.status)} ${dim(invitation.invitationIdentifier)} ${dim(invitation.actionIdentifier)} (${dim(invitation.roleIdentifier)})`,
-      break;
+      );
+      deps.io.out(formattedInvitations.join("\n"));
+      return { count: invitations.length };
     }
 
     default:
-      deps.verboseLogger(`Unknown invitation sub-command: ${subCommand}`);
+      deps.io.verbose(`Unknown invitation sub-command: ${subCommand}`);
-      printInvitationHelp();
+      printInvitationHelp(deps.io);
-      return;
+      throw new CommandError("invitation.subcommand.unknown", `Unknown invitation sub-command: ${subCommand}`);
   }
 };

src/cli/commands/mnemonic.ts

@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
 import { bold, dim } from "../cli-utils.js";
-import { listMnemonicFiles, createMnemonicFile, createMnemonicSeed } from "../mnemonic.js";
+import { listMnemonicFiles, createMnemonicFile, createMnemonicSeed, loadMnemonic } from "../mnemonic.js";
-import type { CommandDependencies } from "./types.js";
+import type { BaseCommandDependencies, CommandIO } from "./types.js";
+import { CommandError } from "./types.js";
 
 /**
  * Prints the help message for the mnemonic command
  */
-export const printMnemonicHelp = () => {
+export const printMnemonicHelp = (io: CommandIO): void => {
-  console.log(
+  io.out(
 `
 ${bold("Usage:")} xo-cli mnemonic <sub-command>
 
@@ -22,52 +23,79 @@ ${bold("Options:")}
 
 /**
  * Handles the mnemonic command.
+ * Throws CommandError on failure, returns result data on success.
  * @param deps - The command dependencies.
  * @param args - Positional args after the command name, e.g. ["create"] or ["import", "page", "pencil", ...].
  * @param options - Parsed option flags, e.g. { output: "mnemonic.txt" }.
  */
-export const handleMnemonicCommand = async (deps: Omit<CommandDependencies, "app">, args: string[], options: Record<string, string>): Promise<void> => {
+export const handleMnemonicCommand = async (
+  deps: BaseCommandDependencies,
+  args: string[],
+  options: Record<string, string>,
+): Promise<{ savedAs?: string; count?: number; mnemonic?: string }> => {
   const subCommand = args[0];
+  const { mnemonicsDir } = deps.paths;
 
   if (!subCommand) {
-    deps.verboseLogger("No sub-command provided");
+    deps.io.verbose("No sub-command provided");
-    printMnemonicHelp();
+    printMnemonicHelp(deps.io);
-    return;
+    throw new CommandError("mnemonic.subcommand.missing", "No sub-command provided");
   }
 
   switch (subCommand) {
     case "create": {
       const mnemonicSeed = createMnemonicSeed();
-      await createMnemonicFile(mnemonicSeed, options["output"]);
+      const savedAs = createMnemonicFile(mnemonicsDir, mnemonicSeed, options["output"]);
 
-      console.log(`Mnemonic file created: ${options["output"]} (${mnemonicSeed})`);
+      deps.io.out(`Mnemonic file created: ${savedAs} (${mnemonicSeed})`);
-      break;
+      return { savedAs };
     }
 
     case "import": {
-      // The mnemonic seed words are all the positional args after the sub-command
       const mnemonicSeed = args.slice(1).join(" ");
 
       if (!mnemonicSeed) {
-        deps.verboseLogger("No mnemonic seed provided");
+        deps.io.verbose("No mnemonic seed provided");
-        printMnemonicHelp();
+        printMnemonicHelp(deps.io);
-        return;
+        throw new CommandError("mnemonic.import.seed_missing", "No mnemonic seed provided");
       }
 
-      deps.verboseLogger(`Mnemonic seed: ${mnemonicSeed}`);
+      deps.io.verbose(`Mnemonic seed: ${mnemonicSeed}`);
-      await createMnemonicFile(mnemonicSeed, options["output"]);
+      const savedAs = createMnemonicFile(mnemonicsDir, mnemonicSeed, options["output"]);
-      break;
+      deps.io.out(`Mnemonic file created: ${savedAs}`);
+      return { savedAs };
     }
 
     case "list": {
-      const mnemonicFiles = listMnemonicFiles();
+      const mnemonicFiles = listMnemonicFiles(mnemonicsDir);
-      console.log(mnemonicFiles.join('\n'));
+      deps.io.out(mnemonicFiles.join('\n'));
-      break;
+      return { count: mnemonicFiles.length };
+    }
+
+    case "expose": {
+      const mnemonicFile = args[1];
+
+      if (!mnemonicFile) {
+        deps.io.verbose("No mnemonic file provided");
+        printMnemonicHelp(deps.io);
+        throw new CommandError("mnemonic.expose.file_missing", "No mnemonic file provided");
+      }
+
+      try {
+        const mnemonic = loadMnemonic(mnemonicsDir, mnemonicFile);
+        deps.io.out(mnemonic);
+        return { mnemonic };
+      } catch (error) {
+        throw new CommandError(
+          "mnemonic.expose.file_not_found",
+          `Mnemonic file not found: ${mnemonicFile}`,
+        );
+      }
     }
 
     default:
-      console.error(`Unknown sub-command: ${subCommand}`);
+      deps.io.err(`Unknown sub-command: ${subCommand}`);
-      printMnemonicHelp();
+      printMnemonicHelp(deps.io);
-      return;
+      throw new CommandError("mnemonic.subcommand.unknown", `Unknown sub-command: ${subCommand}`);
   }
 };

src/cli/commands/receive.ts

@@ -1,16 +1,17 @@
-import { existsSync, readFileSync } from "fs";
-import path from "path";
 import { generateTemplateIdentifier } from "@xo-cash/engine";
 import { hexToBin, lockingBytecodeToCashAddress } from "@bitauth/libauth";
 
 import { bold, dim } from "../cli-utils.js";
-import type { CommandDependencies } from "./types.js";
+import type { CommandDependencies, CommandIO } from "./types.js";
+import { CommandError } from "./types.js";
+
+import { resolveTemplate } from "../utils.js";
 
 /**
  * Prints the help message for the receive command
  */
-export const printReceiveHelp = () => {
+export const printReceiveHelp = (io: CommandIO): void => {
-  console.log(
+  io.out(
 `
 ${bold("Usage:")} xo-cli receive <template-file> <output-identifier> [role-identifier]
 
@@ -29,36 +30,35 @@ ${bold("Options:")}
 
 /**
  * Command which creates a single-use address/lockingScript for a given template and role.
+ * Throws CommandError on failure, returns address data on success.
+ *
  * @param deps - The command dependencies.
  * @param args - Positional args after the command name, e.g. ["template.json", "receiveOutput", "receiver"].
  * @param options - Parsed option flags.
+ * @returns The address data.
+ * @throws CommandError if the command fails.
  */
-export const handleReceiveCommand = async (deps: CommandDependencies, args: string[], options: Record<string, string>): Promise<void> => {
+export const handleReceiveCommand = async (
-  const templateFile = args[0];
+  deps: CommandDependencies,
+  args: string[],
+  _options: Record<string, string>,
+): Promise<{ address: string }> => {
+  const templateQuery = args[0];
   const outputIdentifier = args[1];
   const roleIdentifier = args[2];
 
-  deps.verboseLogger(`Receive args - template: ${templateFile}, output: ${outputIdentifier}, role: ${roleIdentifier}`);
+  deps.io.verbose(`Receive args - template: ${templateQuery}, output: ${outputIdentifier}, role: ${roleIdentifier}`);
 
-  if (!templateFile || !outputIdentifier) {
+  if (!templateQuery || !outputIdentifier) {
-    deps.verboseLogger("Missing required arguments");
+    deps.io.verbose("Missing required arguments");
-    printReceiveHelp();
+    printReceiveHelp(deps.io);
-    return;
+    throw new CommandError("receive.arguments.missing", "Missing required arguments");
   }
 
   // Resolve and read the template file
-  const templatePath = path.resolve(`${process.cwd()}/${templateFile}`);
+  const template = await resolveTemplate(deps, templateQuery);
-  deps.verboseLogger(`Template path: ${templatePath}`);
+  const templateIdentifier = generateTemplateIdentifier(template);
-
+  deps.io.verbose(`Template identifier: ${templateIdentifier}`);
-  if (!existsSync(templatePath)) {
-    console.error(`Template file does not exist: ${templatePath}`);
-    printReceiveHelp();
-    return;
-  }
-
-  const template = readFileSync(templatePath, "utf8");
-  const templateIdentifier = generateTemplateIdentifier(JSON.parse(template));
-  deps.verboseLogger(`Template identifier: ${templateIdentifier}`);
 
   // Generate the locking bytecode (returned as a hex string)
   const lockingBytecodeHex = await deps.app.engine.generateLockingBytecode(
@@ -66,15 +66,16 @@ export const handleReceiveCommand = async (deps: CommandDependencies, args: stri
     outputIdentifier,
     roleIdentifier,
   );
-  deps.verboseLogger(`Locking bytecode hex: ${lockingBytecodeHex}`);
+  deps.io.verbose(`Locking bytecode hex: ${lockingBytecodeHex}`);
 
   // Convert the locking bytecode to a BCH cash address
   const result = lockingBytecodeToCashAddress({ bytecode: hexToBin(lockingBytecodeHex), prefix: 'bitcoincash' });
 
   if (typeof result === 'string') {
-    console.error(`Failed to encode address: ${result}`);
+    deps.io.err(`Failed to encode address: ${result}`);
-    return;
+    throw new CommandError("receive.address.encode_failed", `Failed to encode address: ${result}`);
   }
 
-  console.log(result.address);
+  deps.io.out(result.address);
+  return { address: result.address };
 };

src/cli/commands/resource.ts

@@ -1,13 +1,15 @@
 import { hexToBin } from "@bitauth/libauth";
 
 import { bold, dim } from "../cli-utils.js";
-import type { CommandDependencies } from "./types.js";
+import type { CommandDependencies, CommandIO } from "./types.js";
+import type { UnspentOutputData } from "@xo-cash/state";
+import { CommandError } from "./types.js";
 
 /**
  * Prints the help message for the resource command.
  */
-export const printResourceHelp = () => {
+export const printResourceHelp = (io: CommandIO): void => {
-  console.log(
+  io.out(
 `
 ${bold("Usage:")} xo-cli resource <sub-command>
 
@@ -23,14 +25,14 @@ ${bold("Sub-commands:")}
 /**
  * Formats a single UTXO for display, optionally including reservation info.
  */
-function formatResource(resource: { outpointTransactionHash: string; outpointIndex: number; valueSatoshis: number; outputIdentifier: string; minedAtHeight: number; reserved?: boolean; invitationIdentifier?: string }, showReserved = false): string {
+function formatResource(resource: UnspentOutputData, showReserved = false): string {
   const outpoint = bold(`${resource.outpointTransactionHash}:${resource.outpointIndex}`);
   const value = dim(`${resource.valueSatoshis} sats`);
   const output = dim(resource.outputIdentifier);
   const height = dim(`(height ${resource.minedAtHeight})`);
 
-  if (showReserved && resource.reserved) {
+  if (showReserved && resource.reservedBy) {
-    const inv = dim(`reserved for ${resource.invitationIdentifier}`);
+    const inv = dim(`reserved for ${resource.reservedBy}`);
     return `${outpoint} ${value} ${output} ${height} ${inv}`;
   }
 
@@ -39,107 +41,110 @@ function formatResource(resource: { outpointTransactionHash: string; outpointInd
 
 /**
  * Handles the resource command.
+ * Throws CommandError on failure, returns result data on success.
  * @param deps - The command dependencies.
  * @param args - Positional args after the command name, e.g. ["list"].
  * @param options - Parsed option flags.
  */
-export const handleResourceCommand = async (deps: CommandDependencies, args: string[], options: Record<string, string>): Promise<void> => {
+export const handleResourceCommand = async (
+  deps: CommandDependencies,
+  args: string[],
+  _options: Record<string, string>,
+): Promise<{ count?: number }> => {
   const subCommand = args[0];
-  deps.verboseLogger(`Resource sub-command: ${subCommand}`);
+  deps.io.verbose(`Resource sub-command: ${subCommand}`);
 
   if (!subCommand) {
-    deps.verboseLogger("No sub-command provided");
+    deps.io.verbose("No sub-command provided");
-    printResourceHelp();
+    printResourceHelp(deps.io);
-    return;
+    throw new CommandError("resource.subcommand.missing", "No sub-command provided");
   }
 
   switch (subCommand) {
     case "list": {
-      const qualifier = args[1]; // "reserved", "all", or undefined (defaults to unreserved)
+      const qualifier = args[1];
       const allResources = await deps.app.engine.listUnspentOutputsData();
 
       let filtered;
       if (qualifier === "reserved") {
-        filtered = allResources.filter((r) => r.reserved);
+        filtered = allResources.filter((r) => r.reservedBy);
       } else if (qualifier === "all") {
         filtered = allResources;
       } else {
-        // Default: show only unreserved (selectable) resources
+        filtered = allResources.filter((r) => !r.reservedBy);
-        filtered = allResources.filter((r) => !r.reserved);
       }
 
       if (filtered.length === 0) {
-        console.log(dim("No resources found."));
+        deps.io.out(dim("No resources found."));
-        return;
+        return { count: 0 };
       }
 
       const showReserved = qualifier === "all" || qualifier === "reserved";
       const formattedResources = filtered.map((r) => formatResource(r, showReserved));
-      console.log(formattedResources.join("\n"));
+      deps.io.out(formattedResources.join("\n"));
-      console.log(`Total satoshis: ${filtered.reduce((acc, r) => acc + r.valueSatoshis, 0)}`);
+      deps.io.out(`Total satoshis: ${filtered.reduce((acc, r) => acc + r.valueSatoshis, 0)}`);
-      console.log(`Total resources: ${filtered.length}`);
+      deps.io.out(`Total resources: ${filtered.length}`);
-      break;
+      return { count: filtered.length };
     }
 
     case "unreserve": {
       const outpointArg = args[1];
       if (!outpointArg) {
-        console.error("Please provide a UTXO in <txhash>:<vout> format.");
+        deps.io.err("Please provide a UTXO in <txhash>:<vout> format.");
-        printResourceHelp();
+        printResourceHelp(deps.io);
-        return;
+        throw new CommandError("resource.unreserve.outpoint_missing", "Please provide a UTXO in <txhash>:<vout> format.");
       }
 
       const separatorIndex = outpointArg.lastIndexOf(":");
       if (separatorIndex === -1) {
-        console.error(`Invalid format "${outpointArg}". Expected <txhash>:<vout>.`);
+        deps.io.err(`Invalid format "${outpointArg}". Expected <txhash>:<vout>.`);
-        return;
+        throw new CommandError("resource.unreserve.outpoint_invalid", `Invalid format "${outpointArg}". Expected <txhash>:<vout>.`);
       }
 
       const txHash = outpointArg.substring(0, separatorIndex);
       const vout = parseInt(outpointArg.substring(separatorIndex + 1), 10);
       if (!txHash || isNaN(vout)) {
-        console.error(`Invalid format "${outpointArg}". Expected <txhash>:<vout>.`);
+        deps.io.err(`Invalid format "${outpointArg}". Expected <txhash>:<vout>.`);
-        return;
+        throw new CommandError("resource.unreserve.outpoint_invalid", `Invalid format "${outpointArg}". Expected <txhash>:<vout>.`);
       }
 
-      // Look up the UTXO to get its invitation identifier (required by the engine).
       const allResources = await deps.app.engine.listUnspentOutputsData();
       const target = allResources.find(
         (r) => r.outpointTransactionHash === txHash && r.outpointIndex === vout,
       );
 
       if (!target) {
-        console.error(`UTXO not found: ${txHash}:${vout}`);
+        deps.io.err(`UTXO not found: ${txHash}:${vout}`);
-        return;
+        throw new CommandError("resource.unreserve.utxo_missing", `UTXO not found: ${txHash}:${vout}`);
       }
 
-      if (!target.reserved) {
+      if (!target.reservedBy) {
-        console.log(dim("UTXO is not reserved. Nothing to do."));
+        deps.io.out(dim("UTXO is not reserved. Nothing to do."));
-        return;
+        return {};
       }
 
       await deps.app.engine.unreserveResources(
         [{ outpointTransactionHash: hexToBin(txHash), outpointIndex: vout }],
-        target.invitationIdentifier,
+        target.reservedBy ,
       );
-      console.log(`Unreserved ${bold(`${txHash}:${vout}`)} (was reserved for ${target.invitationIdentifier})`);
+      deps.io.out(`Unreserved ${bold(`${txHash}:${vout}`)} (was reserved for ${target.reservedBy})`);
-      break;
+      return {};
     }
 
     case "unreserve-all": {
       const count = await deps.app.unreserveAllResources();
       if (count === 0) {
-        console.log(dim("No reserved resources to unreserve."));
+        deps.io.out(dim("No reserved resources to unreserve."));
       } else {
-        console.log(`Unreserved ${bold(String(count))} resource(s).`);
+        deps.io.out(`Unreserved ${bold(String(count))} resource(s).`);
       }
-      break;
+      return { count };
     }
 
     default: {
-      deps.verboseLogger(`Unknown resource sub-command: ${subCommand}`);
+      deps.io.verbose(`Unknown resource sub-command: ${subCommand}`);
-      printResourceHelp();
+      printResourceHelp(deps.io);
-      return;
+      throw new CommandError("resource.subcommand.unknown", `Unknown resource sub-command: ${subCommand}`);
     }
   }
 };

src/cli/commands/template.ts

@@ -3,15 +3,17 @@ import path from "path";
 import { generateTemplateIdentifier } from "@xo-cash/engine";
 import type { XOTemplate } from "@xo-cash/types";
 
-import { bold, dim, formatObject, objectPrint } from "../cli-utils.js";
+import { bold, dim, formatObject } from "../cli-utils.js";
 import { resolveTemplateReferences } from "../../utils/templates.js";
-import type { CommandDependencies } from "./types.js";
+import type { CommandDependencies, CommandIO } from "./types.js";
+import { CommandError } from "./types.js";
+import { resolveTemplate } from "../utils.js";
 
 /**
  * Prints the help message for the template command
  */
-export const printTemplateHelp = () => {
+export const printTemplateHelp = (io: CommandIO): void => {
-  console.log(
+  io.out(
 `
 ${bold("Usage:")} xo-cli template <sub-command>
 
@@ -26,76 +28,75 @@ ${bold("Sub-commands:")}
 
 /**
  * Handles the template list command.
+ * Throws CommandError on failure, returns result data on success.
  * @param deps - The command dependencies.
  * @param args - Positional args after the command name, e.g. ["list", "action"] or ["list", "action", "1234567890"].
  */
-export const handleTemplateListCommand = async (deps: CommandDependencies, args: string[]): Promise<void> => {
+export const handleTemplateListCommand = async (
+  deps: CommandDependencies,
+  args: string[],
+): Promise<{ count?: number }> => {
   const templateCategory = args[0];
-  deps.verboseLogger(`Template list category: ${templateCategory}`);
+  deps.io.verbose(`Template list category: ${templateCategory}`);
 
-  // If no category was provided to list, we assume its listing out the templates
   if (!templateCategory) {
     const templates = await deps.app.engine.listImportedTemplates();
     const formattedTemplates = templates.map((template: XOTemplate) => `${bold(generateTemplateIdentifier(template))} - ${dim(template.name)} ${dim(template.description)}`);
-    console.log(formattedTemplates.join('\n'));
+    deps.io.out(formattedTemplates.join('\n'));
-    return;
+    return { count: templates.length };
   }
 
-  // Extract the template identifier from the positional args
   const templateIdentifier = args[1];
-  deps.verboseLogger(`Template identifier: ${templateIdentifier}`);
+  deps.io.verbose(`Template identifier: ${templateIdentifier}`);
 
   if (!templateIdentifier) {
-    console.error("No template identifier provided");
+    deps.io.err("No template identifier provided");
-    return;
+    throw new CommandError("template.list.identifier_missing", "No template identifier provided");
   }
 
-  // Get the template from the engine
   const rawTemplate = await deps.app.engine.getTemplate(templateIdentifier);
   if (!rawTemplate) {
-    console.error(`No template found: ${templateIdentifier}`);
+    deps.io.err(`No template found: ${templateIdentifier}`);
-    return;
+    throw new CommandError("template.list.not_found", `No template found: ${templateIdentifier}`);
   }
 
-  // Resolve the template references
   const template = await resolveTemplateReferences(rawTemplate);
-  deps.verboseLogger(`Template: ${formatObject(template)}`);
+  deps.io.verbose(`Template: ${formatObject(template)}`);
 
-  // List the templates in the category
   switch (templateCategory) {
     case "action": {
       const actions = template.actions;
       const formattedActions = Object.entries(actions).map(([actionIdentifier, action]) => `${bold(actionIdentifier)} ${dim(action.name)} ${dim(action.description)}`);
-      console.log(formattedActions.join('\n'));
+      deps.io.out(formattedActions.join('\n'));
-      break;
+      return {};
     }
     case "transaction": {
       const transactions = template.transactions;
       const formattedTransactions = Object.entries(transactions).map(([transactionIdentifier, transaction]) => `${bold(transactionIdentifier)} ${dim(transaction.name)} ${dim(transaction.description)}`);
-      console.log(formattedTransactions.join('\n'));
+      deps.io.out(formattedTransactions.join('\n'));
-      break;
+      return {};
     }
     case "output": {
       const outputs = template.outputs;
       const formattedOutputs = Object.entries(outputs).map(([outputIdentifier, output]) => `${bold(outputIdentifier)} ${dim(output.name)} ${dim(output.description)}`);
-      console.log(formattedOutputs.join('\n'));
+      deps.io.out(formattedOutputs.join('\n'));
-      break;
+      return {};
     }
     case "lockingscript": {
       const lockingscripts = template.lockingScripts;
       const formattedLockingscripts = Object.entries(lockingscripts).map(([lockingScriptIdentifier, lockingScript]) => `${bold(lockingScriptIdentifier)} ${dim(lockingScript.name)} ${dim(lockingScript.description)}`);
-      console.log(formattedLockingscripts.join('\n'));
+      deps.io.out(formattedLockingscripts.join('\n'));
-      break;
+      return {};
     }
     case "variable": {
       const variables = template.variables || {};
       const formattedVariables = Object.entries(variables).map(([variableIdentifier, variable]) => `${bold(variableIdentifier)} ${dim(variable.name)} ${dim(variable.description)}`);
-      console.log(formattedVariables.join('\n'));
+      deps.io.out(formattedVariables.join('\n'));
-      break;
+      return {};
     }
     default: {
-      deps.verboseLogger(`Unknown template category: ${templateCategory}`);
+      deps.io.verbose(`Unknown template category: ${templateCategory}`);
-      return;
+      throw new CommandError("template.list.category_unknown", `Unknown template category: ${templateCategory}`);
     }
   }
 }
@@ -103,8 +104,8 @@ export const handleTemplateListCommand = async (deps: CommandDependencies, args:
 /**
  * Prints the help message for the template inspect command
  */
-export const printTemplateInspectHelp = () => {
+export const printTemplateInspectHelp = (io: CommandIO): void => {
-  console.log(
+  io.out(
 `
 ${bold("Usage:")} xo-cli template inspect <category> <identifier> <field>
 
@@ -124,153 +125,151 @@ ${bold("Categories:")}
 
 /**
  * Handles the template inspect command.
+ * Throws CommandError on failure, returns empty object on success.
  * @param deps - The command dependencies.
  * @param args - Positional args after the command name, e.g. ["inspect", "transaction", "1234567890"].
  */
-export const handleTemplateInspectCommand = async (deps: CommandDependencies, args: string[]): Promise<void> => {
+export const handleTemplateInspectCommand = async (
+  deps: CommandDependencies,
+  args: string[],
+): Promise<Record<string, never>> => {
   const templateCategory = args[0];
-  const templateIdentifier = args[1];
+  const templateQuery = args[1];
   const templateField = args[2];
 
-  deps.verboseLogger(`Template inspect args - category: ${templateCategory}, identifier: ${templateIdentifier}, field: ${templateField}`);
+  deps.io.verbose(`Template inspect args - category: ${templateCategory}, identifier: ${templateQuery}, field: ${templateField}`);
 
-  if (!templateCategory || !templateIdentifier || !templateField) {
+  if (!templateCategory || !templateQuery || !templateField) {
-    console.log("No template category, identifier, or field provided");
+    deps.io.err("No template category, identifier, or field provided");
-    printTemplateInspectHelp();
+    printTemplateInspectHelp(deps.io);
-    return;
+    throw new CommandError("template.inspect.arguments_missing", "No template category, identifier, or field provided");
   }
 
-  // Get the template from the engine
+  const template = await resolveTemplate(deps, templateQuery);
-  const rawTemplate = await deps.app.engine.getTemplate(templateIdentifier);
+  deps.io.verbose(`Template: ${formatObject(template)}`);
-  if (!rawTemplate) {
-    console.error(`No template found: ${templateIdentifier}`);
-    return;
-  }
 
-  // Resolve the template references
-  const template = await resolveTemplateReferences(rawTemplate);
-  deps.verboseLogger(`Template: ${formatObject(template)}`);
-
-  // Inspect the template in the category
   switch (templateCategory) {
     case "action": {
       const action = template.actions[templateField];
       if (!action) {
-        console.error(`No action found: ${templateField}`);
+        deps.io.err(`No action found: ${templateField}`);
-        return;
+        throw new CommandError("template.inspect.action_missing", `No action found: ${templateField}`);
       }
-      objectPrint(action);
+      deps.io.out(formatObject(action));
-      break;
+      return {};
     }
     case "transaction": {
-      const transaction = template.transactions[templateField];
+      const transaction = template.transactions?.[templateField];
       if (!transaction) {
-        console.error(`No transaction found: ${templateField}`);
+        deps.io.err(`No transaction found: ${templateField}`);
-        return;
+        throw new CommandError("template.inspect.transaction_missing", `No transaction found: ${templateField}`);
       }
-      objectPrint(transaction);
+      deps.io.out(formatObject(transaction));
-      break;
+      return {};
     }
     case "output": {
       const output = template.outputs[templateField];
       if (!output) {
-        console.error(`No output found: ${templateField}`);
+        deps.io.err(`No output found: ${templateField}`);
-        return;
+        throw new CommandError("template.inspect.output_missing", `No output found: ${templateField}`);
       }
-      objectPrint(output);
+      deps.io.out(formatObject(output));
-      break;
+      return {};
     }
     case "lockingscript": {
       const lockingscript = template.lockingScripts[templateField];
       if (!lockingscript) {
-        console.error(`No lockingscript found: ${templateField}`);
+        deps.io.err(`No lockingscript found: ${templateField}`);
-        return;
+        throw new CommandError("template.inspect.lockingscript_missing", `No lockingscript found: ${templateField}`);
       }
-      objectPrint(lockingscript);
+      deps.io.out(formatObject(lockingscript));
-      break;
+      return {};
     }
     case "variable": {
       const variable = template.variables?.[templateField];
       if (!variable) {
-        console.error(`No variable found: ${templateField}`);
+        deps.io.err(`No variable found: ${templateField}`);
-        return;
+        throw new CommandError("template.inspect.variable_missing", `No variable found: ${templateField}`);
       }
-      objectPrint(variable);
+      deps.io.out(formatObject(variable));
-      break;
+      return {};
     }
     default: {
-      deps.verboseLogger(`Unknown template category: ${templateCategory}`);
+      deps.io.verbose(`Unknown template category: ${templateCategory}`);
-      return;
+      throw new CommandError("template.inspect.category_unknown", `Unknown template category: ${templateCategory}`);
     }
   }
 }
 
 /**
  * Handles the template command.
+ * Throws CommandError on failure, returns result data on success.
  * @param deps - The command dependencies.
  * @param args - Positional args after the command name, e.g. ["import", "template.json"] or ["set-default", "tpl", "out", "role"].
  * @param options - Parsed option flags.
  */
-export const handleTemplateCommand = async (deps: CommandDependencies, args: string[], options: Record<string, string>): Promise<void> => {
+export const handleTemplateCommand = async (
+  deps: CommandDependencies,
+  args: string[],
+  _options: Record<string, string>,
+): Promise<{ templateFile?: string; count?: number }> => {
   const subCommand = args[0];
 
   if (!subCommand) {
-    deps.verboseLogger("No sub-command provided");
+    deps.io.verbose("No sub-command provided");
-    printTemplateHelp();
+    printTemplateHelp(deps.io);
-    return;
+    throw new CommandError("template.subcommand.missing", "No sub-command provided");
   }
 
   switch (subCommand) {
     case "import": {
       const templateFile = args[1];
-      deps.verboseLogger(`Template file: ${templateFile}`);
+      deps.io.verbose(`Template file: ${templateFile}`);
 
       if (!templateFile) {
-        deps.verboseLogger("No template file provided");
+        deps.io.verbose("No template file provided");
-        printTemplateHelp();
+        printTemplateHelp(deps.io);
-        return;
+        throw new CommandError("template.import.file_missing", "No template file provided");
       }
 
       const templatePath = path.resolve(`${process.cwd()}/${templateFile}`);
-      deps.verboseLogger(`Template path: ${templatePath}`);
+      deps.io.verbose(`Template path: ${templatePath}`);
 
       if (!existsSync(templatePath)) {
-        console.error(`Template file does not exist: ${templatePath}`);
+        deps.io.err(`Template file does not exist: ${templatePath}`);
-        printTemplateHelp();
+        printTemplateHelp(deps.io);
-        return;
+        throw new CommandError("template.import.file_not_found", `Template file does not exist: ${templatePath}`);
       }
 
       const template = await readFileSync(templatePath, "utf8");
 
-      deps.verboseLogger(`Importing template: ${templateFile}`);
+      deps.io.verbose(`Importing template: ${templateFile}`);
       await deps.app.engine.importTemplate(template);
-      deps.verboseLogger(`Template imported: ${templateFile}`);
+      deps.io.verbose(`Template imported: ${templateFile}`);
-      break;
+      return { templateFile };
     }
     case "list": {
-      await handleTemplateListCommand(deps, args.slice(1));
+      return handleTemplateListCommand(deps, args.slice(1));
-      break;
     }
     case "inspect": {
-      await handleTemplateInspectCommand(deps, args.slice(1));
+      return handleTemplateInspectCommand(deps, args.slice(1));
-      break;
     }
     case "set-default": {
       const templateFile = args[1];
       const outputIdentifier = args[2];
       const roleIdentifier = args[3];
       if (!templateFile || !outputIdentifier || !roleIdentifier) {
-        deps.verboseLogger("No template file, output identifier, or role identifier provided");
+        deps.io.verbose("No template file, output identifier, or role identifier provided");
-        printTemplateHelp();
+        printTemplateHelp(deps.io);
-        return;
+        throw new CommandError("template.default.arguments_missing", "No template file, output identifier, or role identifier provided");
       }
-      deps.verboseLogger(`Template file: ${templateFile}, output identifier: ${outputIdentifier}, role identifier: ${roleIdentifier}`);
+      deps.io.verbose(`Template file: ${templateFile}, output identifier: ${outputIdentifier}, role identifier: ${roleIdentifier}`);
       await deps.app.engine.setDefaultLockingParameters(templateFile, outputIdentifier, roleIdentifier);
-      break;
+      return {};
     }
     default:
-      deps.verboseLogger(`Unknown template sub-command: ${subCommand}`);
+      deps.io.verbose(`Unknown template sub-command: ${subCommand}`);
-      printTemplateHelp();
+      printTemplateHelp(deps.io);
-      return;
+      throw new CommandError("template.subcommand.unknown", `Unknown template sub-command: ${subCommand}`);
   }
 };

src/cli/commands/types.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,59 @@
 import type { AppService } from "../../services/app.js";
 
-export type CommandDependencies = {
+/**
-  verboseLogger: (message: string) => void;
+ * IO contract for CLI command handlers.
+ * Handlers write user-visible output through this abstraction so unit tests can
+ * assert behavior without spying on global console methods.
+ */
+export type CommandIO = {
+  out: (message: string) => void;
+  err: (message: string) => void;
+  verbose: (message: string) => void;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Paths configuration for CLI commands.
+ * Allows injection of custom paths for testing.
+ */
+export type CommandPaths = {
+  /** Directory for mnemonic wallet files */
+  mnemonicsDir: string;
+  /** Directory for engine DB and invitation storage files */
+  dataDir: string;
+  /** File storing the last-used mnemonic reference */
+  walletConfigPath: string;
+  /** Working directory for file output (invitation files, etc.) */
+  workingDir: string;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Base dependencies available to every command handler.
+ */
+export type BaseCommandDependencies = {
+  io: CommandIO;
+  paths: CommandPaths;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Dependencies for app-backed commands.
+ */
+export type CommandDependencies = BaseCommandDependencies & {
   app: AppService;
 };
+
+/**
+ * Custom error class for command failures.
+ * Thrown by command handlers when an operation fails.
+ * The `event` property can be used for telemetry/testing to identify failure types.
+ */
+export class CommandError extends Error {
+  public readonly event: string;
+  public readonly code: number;
+
+  constructor(event: string, message: string, code = 1) {
+    super(message);
+    this.name = "CommandError";
+    this.event = event;
+    this.code = code;
+  }
+}

src/cli/completions.ts

@@ -1,204 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * Shell completion script generation.
- * 
- * Defines the CLI command tree in one place and generates
- * bash/zsh/fish completion scripts from it. Users source the output
- * in their shell profile for tab-completion support.
- * 
- * Usage:
- *   eval "$(xo-cli completions bash)"
- *   eval "$(xo-cli completions zsh)"
- *   xo-cli completions fish | source
- */
-
-/**
- * Single source of truth for the CLI command tree.
- * Each top-level key is a command, and its value is an array of sub-commands.
- */
-export const COMMAND_TREE: Record<string, string[]> = {
-  mnemonic:   ["create", "import", "list"],
-  template:   ["import", "list", "set-default"],
-  invitation: ["create", "import", "list"],
-  receive:    [],
-  resource:   ["list"],
-  help:       [],
-  completions: ["bash", "zsh", "fish"],
-};
-
-/** Global option flags available on every command. */
-const GLOBAL_OPTIONS = ["-h", "--help", "-v", "--verbose", "-m", "--mnemonic-file", "-o", "--output"];
-
-/**
- * Generates a bash completion script.
- * @param binName - The name of the CLI binary (used in the `complete` registration).
- */
-export function generateBashCompletions(binName: string): string {
-  const commands = Object.keys(COMMAND_TREE).join(" ");
-  const options = GLOBAL_OPTIONS.join(" ");
-
-  // Build the case arms for each command's sub-commands
-  const caseArms = Object.entries(COMMAND_TREE)
-    .filter(([, subs]) => subs.length > 0)
-    .map(([cmd, subs]) => `      ${cmd})\n        COMPREPLY=($(compgen -W "${subs.join(" ")}" -- "\${cur}"))\n        return 0\n        ;;`)
-    .join("\n");
-
-  return `# bash completion for ${binName}
-# Add to ~/.bashrc:  eval "$(${binName} completions bash)"
-_${binName.replace(/-/g, "_")}_completions() {
-  local cur prev words cword
-  _init_completion || return
-
-  # If the current word starts with "-", offer option flags
-  if [[ "\${cur}" == -* ]]; then
-    COMPREPLY=($(compgen -W "${options}" -- "\${cur}"))
-    return 0
-  fi
-
-  # Find the command (first non-option positional arg after the binary)
-  local cmd=""
-  for ((i=1; i < cword; i++)); do
-    if [[ "\${words[i]}" != -* ]]; then
-      cmd="\${words[i]}"
-      break
-    fi
-  done
-
-  # No command yet — offer the top-level commands
-  if [[ -z "\${cmd}" ]]; then
-    COMPREPLY=($(compgen -W "${commands}" -- "\${cur}"))
-    return 0
-  fi
-
-  # Offer sub-commands for the matched command
-  case "\${cmd}" in
-${caseArms}
-  esac
-}
-
-complete -F _${binName.replace(/-/g, "_")}_completions ${binName}
-`;
-}
-
-/**
- * Generates a zsh completion script.
- * @param binName - The name of the CLI binary.
- */
-export function generateZshCompletions(binName: string): string {
-  const commands = Object.keys(COMMAND_TREE).join(" ");
-  const options = GLOBAL_OPTIONS.join(" ");
-
-  const caseArms = Object.entries(COMMAND_TREE)
-    .filter(([, subs]) => subs.length > 0)
-    .map(([cmd, subs]) => `      ${cmd})\n        compadd -- ${subs.join(" ")}\n        ;;`)
-    .join("\n");
-
-  return `# zsh completion for ${binName}
-# Add to ~/.zshrc:  eval "$(${binName} completions zsh)"
-_${binName.replace(/-/g, "_")}_completions() {
-  local -a commands
-  commands=(${commands})
-
-  # If typing an option flag, complete options
-  if [[ "\${words[\${CURRENT}]}" == -* ]]; then
-    compadd -- ${options}
-    return
-  fi
-
-  # Find the command (first non-option positional arg)
-  local cmd=""
-  for ((i=2; i < CURRENT; i++)); do
-    if [[ "\${words[i]}" != -* ]]; then
-      cmd="\${words[i]}"
-      break
-    fi
-  done
-
-  # No command yet — offer top-level commands
-  if [[ -z "\${cmd}" ]]; then
-    compadd -- \${commands[@]}
-    return
-  fi
-
-  # Offer sub-commands
-  case "\${cmd}" in
-${caseArms}
-  esac
-}
-
-compdef _${binName.replace(/-/g, "_")}_completions ${binName}
-`;
-}
-
-/**
- * Generates a fish completion script.
- * @param binName - The name of the CLI binary.
- */
-export function generateFishCompletions(binName: string): string {
-  const lines: string[] = [
-    `# fish completion for ${binName}`,
-    `# Add to fish config:  ${binName} completions fish | source`,
-    "",
-    `# Disable file completions by default`,
-    `complete -c ${binName} -f`,
-    "",
-  ];
-
-  // Global options
-  for (const opt of GLOBAL_OPTIONS) {
-    const isShort = !opt.startsWith("--");
-    const flag = opt.replace(/^-+/, "");
-    if (isShort) {
-      lines.push(`complete -c ${binName} -s ${flag} -d "Option flag"`);
-    } else {
-      lines.push(`complete -c ${binName} -l ${flag} -d "Option flag"`);
-    }
-  }
-  lines.push("");
-
-  // Top-level commands (only when no sub-command is given yet)
-  const commandNames = Object.keys(COMMAND_TREE);
-  for (const cmd of commandNames) {
-    lines.push(`complete -c ${binName} -n "__fish_use_subcommand" -a "${cmd}" -d "${cmd} command"`);
-  }
-  lines.push("");
-
-  // Sub-commands for each command
-  for (const [cmd, subs] of Object.entries(COMMAND_TREE)) {
-    for (const sub of subs) {
-      lines.push(`complete -c ${binName} -n "__fish_seen_subcommand_from ${cmd}" -a "${sub}" -d "${cmd} ${sub}"`);
-    }
-  }
-
-  return lines.join("\n") + "\n";
-}
-
-type ShellType = "bash" | "zsh" | "fish";
-
-const generators: Record<ShellType, (binName: string) => string> = {
-  bash: generateBashCompletions,
-  zsh: generateZshCompletions,
-  fish: generateFishCompletions,
-};
-
-/**
- * Handles the `completions` command.
- * Prints the generated completion script for the given shell to stdout.
- * @param args - Positional args after "completions", e.g. ["bash"].
- * @param binName - The CLI binary name to use in the completion script.
- */
-export function handleCompletionsCommand(args: string[], binName: string = "xo-cli"): void {
-  const shell = args[0] as ShellType | undefined;
-
-  if (!shell || !generators[shell]) {
-    const supported = Object.keys(generators).join(", ");
-    console.error(`Usage: ${binName} completions <${supported}>`);
-    console.error("");
-    console.error("Examples:");
-    console.error(`  eval "$(${binName} completions bash)"   # Add to ~/.bashrc`);
-    console.error(`  eval "$(${binName} completions zsh)"    # Add to ~/.zshrc`);
-    console.error(`  ${binName} completions fish | source    # Add to fish config`);
-    process.exit(1);
-  }
-
-  process.stdout.write(generators[shell](binName));
-}

src/cli/index.ts

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env node
 /**
  * CLI entry point.
  * 
@@ -35,17 +36,19 @@
  */
 
 import { existsSync, readFileSync, writeFileSync } from "fs";
+import { join } from "path";
 
 import { AppService } from "../services/app.js";
 import { convertArgsToObject } from "./arguments.js";
 import { bold, dim, formatObject } from "./cli-utils.js";
-import { listMnemonicFiles, loadMnemonic } from "./mnemonic.js";
+import { listGlobalMnemonicFiles, loadMnemonic } from "./mnemonic.js";
-
+import { getDataDir, getMnemonicsDir, getWalletConfigPath } from "../utils/paths.js";
-/** File that remembers the last-used mnemonic so `-m` can be omitted. */
-const WALLET_CONFIG_FILE = ".xo-cli-wallet";
 
 import { 
   type CommandDependencies,
+  type CommandIO,
+  type CommandPaths,
+  CommandError,
   handleMnemonicCommand, 
   handleTemplateCommand, 
   handleInvitationCommand,
@@ -53,15 +56,19 @@ import {
   handleResourceCommand,
 } from "./commands/index.js";
 
-import { handleCompletionsCommand } from "./completions.js";
+import { handleCompletionsCommand } from "./autocomplete/completions.js";
 
-const createConditionalLogger = (verbose: boolean) => {
+const createCommandIO = (verbose: boolean): CommandIO => ({
-  return (message: string) => {
+  out: (message: string) => {
-    if (verbose) {
     console.log(message);
-    }
+  },
-  };
+  err: (message: string) => {
-};
+    console.error(message);
+  },
+  verbose: (message: string) => {
+    if (verbose) console.log(message);
+  },
+});
 
 /**
  * Main entry point.
@@ -79,106 +86,138 @@ async function main(): Promise<void> {
   const { args, options } = convertArgsToObject(process.argv.slice(2));
 
   // Create a verbose logger if the user set the verbose flag
-  const verboseLogger = createConditionalLogger(options["verbose"] === "true");
+  const io = createCommandIO(options["verbose"] === "true");
 
   // Log the parsed app args
-  verboseLogger(`Parsed args: ${formatObject(args)}`);
+  io.verbose(`Parsed args: ${formatObject(args)}`);
-  verboseLogger(`Parsed options: ${formatObject(options)}`);
+  io.verbose(`Parsed options: ${formatObject(options)}`);
   
   // Handle the command
   const command = args[0];
-  verboseLogger(`Command: ${command}`);
+  io.verbose(`Command: ${command}`);
   if (!command) {
     // TODO: Print help, probably...
-    console.error("No command provided");
+    io.err("No command provided");
     process.exit(1);
   }
 
   // Positional args after the command name (sub-command, files, etc.)
   const subArgs = args.slice(1);
 
+  // Build paths object from global path functions
+  const paths: CommandPaths = {
+    mnemonicsDir: getMnemonicsDir(),
+    dataDir: getDataDir(),
+    walletConfigPath: getWalletConfigPath(),
+    workingDir: process.cwd(),
+  };
+
   // Early handling if we are calling the mnemonic command
   // TODO: This is ugly. I would like to find a nicer way of doing this.
   if (command === "completions") {
     handleCompletionsCommand(subArgs);
-    return;
+    process.exit(0);
   }
 
   if (command === "mnemonic") {
-    await handleMnemonicCommand({ verboseLogger }, subArgs, options);
+    try {
-    return;
+      await handleMnemonicCommand({ io, paths }, subArgs, options);
+      process.exit(0);
+    } catch (error) {
+      if (error instanceof CommandError) {
+        process.exit(error.code);
+      }
+      throw error;
+    }
   }
 
   // Resolve mnemonic file: explicit flag > persisted config > error.
   let mnemonicFile = options["mnemonicFile"];
-  if (!mnemonicFile && existsSync(WALLET_CONFIG_FILE)) {
+  if (!mnemonicFile && existsSync(paths.walletConfigPath)) {
-    mnemonicFile = readFileSync(WALLET_CONFIG_FILE, "utf8").trim();
+    mnemonicFile = readFileSync(paths.walletConfigPath, "utf8").trim();
-    verboseLogger(`Using persisted wallet: ${mnemonicFile}`);
+    io.verbose(`Using persisted wallet: ${mnemonicFile}`);
   }
   if (!mnemonicFile) {
-    console.error("No mnemonic file provided");
+    io.err("No mnemonic file provided");
-    console.log(`You can create a mnemonic file with the following command: xo-cli mnemonic create <mnemonic-seed> or use one of the following files: \n${listMnemonicFiles().join("\n")}`);
+    io.out(`You can create a mnemonic file with the following command: xo-cli mnemonic create <mnemonic-seed> or use one of the following files: \n${listGlobalMnemonicFiles().join("\n")}`);
-    console.log(`\nTip: pass -m <file> once and it will be remembered in ${WALLET_CONFIG_FILE}`);
+    io.out(`\nTip: pass -m <file> once and it will be remembered in ${paths.walletConfigPath}`);
     process.exit(1);
   }
 
   // Persist the choice so subsequent commands can omit -m.
-  writeFileSync(WALLET_CONFIG_FILE, mnemonicFile);
+  writeFileSync(paths.walletConfigPath, mnemonicFile);
 
-  const mnemonic = await loadMnemonic(mnemonicFile);
+  const mnemonic = loadMnemonic(paths.mnemonicsDir, mnemonicFile);
-  verboseLogger(`Loaded mnemonic from file: ${mnemonicFile} ${mnemonic}`);
+  io.verbose(`Loaded mnemonic from file: ${mnemonicFile} ${mnemonic}`);
   
   // Create an App instance
-  verboseLogger("Creating app instance...");
+  io.verbose("Creating app instance...");
   const app = await AppService.create(mnemonic, {
     syncServerUrl: options["syncServerUrl"] ?? "http://localhost:3000",
     engineConfig: {
-      databasePath: options["databasePath"] ?? "./",
+      databasePath: options["databasePath"] ?? paths.dataDir,
-      databaseFilename: options["databaseFilename"] ?? 'xo-wallet.db',
+      databaseFilename: options["databaseFilename"] ?? "xo-wallet.db",
     },
-    invitationStoragePath: options["invitationStoragePath"] ?? "./xo-invitations.db",
+    invitationStoragePath:
+      options["invitationStoragePath"] ?? join(paths.dataDir, "xo-invitations.db"),
   });
-  verboseLogger("App instance created");
+  io.verbose("App instance created");
 
   // Start the app
-  verboseLogger("Starting app...");
+  // TODO: Rethink this. Do we really want to start the app here? It just slows it down if we dont actually have to have it started for the command
+  io.verbose("Starting app...");
   await app.start();
-  verboseLogger("App started");
+  io.verbose("App started");
 
   const commandDependencies: CommandDependencies = {
-    verboseLogger,
+    io,
+    paths,
     app,
   };
 
   // Handle the command
+  try {
+    let result: unknown;
     switch (command) {
       case "template":
-      await handleTemplateCommand(commandDependencies, subArgs, options);
+        result = await handleTemplateCommand(commandDependencies, subArgs, options);
         break;
       case "invitation":
-      await handleInvitationCommand(commandDependencies, subArgs, options);
+        result = await handleInvitationCommand(commandDependencies, subArgs, options);
         break;
       case "receive":
-      await handleReceiveCommand(commandDependencies, subArgs, options);
+        result = await handleReceiveCommand(commandDependencies, subArgs, options);
         break;
       case "resource":
-      await handleResourceCommand(commandDependencies, subArgs, options);
+        result = await handleResourceCommand(commandDependencies, subArgs, options);
         break;
       case "help":
-      await handleHelpCommand(commandDependencies, subArgs, options);
+        result = await handleHelpCommand(commandDependencies, subArgs, options);
         break;
       default:
-      console.error(`Unknown command: ${command}`);
+        io.err(`Unknown command: ${command}`);
-      process.exit(1);
+        throw new CommandError("cli.command.unknown", `Unknown command: ${command}`);
     }
 
-  // Exit the process
+    // console.log(result);
+
+    // objectPrint(result);
     process.exit(0);
+  } catch (error) {
+    if (error instanceof CommandError) {
+      io.err(error.message);
+      process.exit(error.code);
+    }
+    throw error;
+  }
 }
 
-const handleHelpCommand = async (deps: CommandDependencies, args: string[], options: Record<string, string>): Promise<void> => {
+const handleHelpCommand = async (
-  // Im sorry about the formatting here. I'm not sure how to handle this better.
+  deps: CommandDependencies,
-  console.log(
+  _args: string[],
+  _options: Record<string, string>,
+): Promise<Record<string, never>> => {
+  deps.io.out(
 `${bold("XO-CLI Help:")}
 
 ${bold("Usage:")} xo-cli <command> [options]
@@ -196,6 +235,7 @@ Options:
   -m, --mnemonic-file <mnemonic-file>  ${dim("Use a specific mnemonic file")}
   -v, --verbose   ${dim("Show verbose output")}`
   );
+  return {};
 };
 
 main().catch((error) => {

src/cli/mnemonic.ts

@@ -1,72 +1,116 @@
-import { readdirSync, readFileSync, writeFileSync } from "node:fs";
+import { existsSync, readdirSync, readFileSync, writeFileSync } from "node:fs";
-import { BCHMnemonicURL,  } from "../utils/bch-mnemonic-url.js";
+import { basename, isAbsolute, join, resolve } from "node:path";
 import { encodeBip39Mnemonic, generateBip39Mnemonic } from "@bitauth/libauth";
 
+import { BCHMnemonicURL } from "../utils/bch-mnemonic-url.js";
+import { getMnemonicsDir as getGlobalMnemonicsDir } from "../utils/paths.js";
+
 /**
  * Create a new mnemonic seed phrase
  */
 export const createMnemonicSeed = (): string => {
-  // Generate a new mnemonic seed
+  return generateBip39Mnemonic();
-  const mnemonic = generateBip39Mnemonic();
-
-  // Return the mnemonic phrase
-  return mnemonic;
 };
 
 /**
  * Creates a mnemonic file from a mnemonic seed
+ * @param mnemonicsDir - Directory to store mnemonic files
  * @param mnemonic - The mnemonic seed
  * @param outputFilename - The filename to write the mnemonic to. If not provided, the first word from the mnemonic will be used as the filename
  * @returns The filename of the created mnemonic file
  */
-export const createMnemonicFile = (mnemonic: string, outputFilename?: string): string => {
+export const createMnemonicFile = (
-  // Convert the mnemonic seed to a BCH Mnemonic URL
+  mnemonicsDir: string,
+  mnemonic: string,
+  outputFilename?: string,
+): string => {
   const mnemonicUrl = BCHMnemonicURL.fromSeed(mnemonic);
 
-  // If no output filename is provided, use the first word from the mnemonic as the filename
   let fileName = outputFilename;
   if (!fileName) {
-    const firstWord = mnemonic.at(0)?.toLowerCase();
+    const firstWord = mnemonic.split(' ')[0]?.toLowerCase();
     if (!firstWord) {
       throw new Error("Failed to create mnemonic file: Unable to extract first word from the mnemonic");
     }
     fileName = `mnemonic-${firstWord}`;
   }
 
-  // Write the mnemonic URL to a file
+  const safeName = basename(fileName);
-  // TODO: May need PWD or something to ensure we are writing to the correct directory
+  const outPath = join(mnemonicsDir, safeName);
-  writeFileSync(fileName, mnemonicUrl.toURL());
+  writeFileSync(outPath, mnemonicUrl.toURL());
 
-  return fileName;
+  return safeName;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Resolves a mnemonic reference to an absolute path.
+ * Order: absolute path if it exists → path relative to cwd → mnemonicsDir/<basename>.
+ *
+ * @param mnemonicsDir - Directory containing mnemonic files
+ * @param mnemonicRef - Path or basename (e.g. `mnemonic-nuclear`)
+ * @returns Absolute path to the mnemonic file
+ * @throws If no matching file exists
+ */
+export const resolveMnemonicFilePath = (
+  mnemonicsDir: string,
+  mnemonicRef: string,
+): string => {
+  if (isAbsolute(mnemonicRef) && existsSync(mnemonicRef)) {
+    return mnemonicRef;
+  }
+
+  const relativeToCwd = resolve(process.cwd(), mnemonicRef);
+  if (existsSync(relativeToCwd)) {
+    return relativeToCwd;
+  }
+
+  const inMnemonics = join(mnemonicsDir, basename(mnemonicRef));
+  if (existsSync(inMnemonics)) {
+    return inMnemonics;
+  }
+
+  throw new Error(
+    `Mnemonic file not found: ${mnemonicRef}. Run "xo-cli mnemonic list" to see available files.`,
+  );
 };
 
 /**
  * Loads a mnemonic from a mnemonic file
+ * @param mnemonicsDir - Directory containing mnemonic files
  * @param mnemonicFile - The filename of the mnemonic file
  * @returns The mnemonic seed
  */
-export const loadMnemonic = (mnemonicFile: string): string => {
+export const loadMnemonic = (mnemonicsDir: string, mnemonicFile: string): string => {
-  const mnemonicUrl = BCHMnemonicURL.fromURL(readFileSync(mnemonicFile, "utf8"));
+  const resolvedPath = resolveMnemonicFilePath(mnemonicsDir, mnemonicFile);
+  const mnemonicUrl = BCHMnemonicURL.fromURL(readFileSync(resolvedPath, "utf8"));
   const { entropy } = mnemonicUrl.toObject();
 
-  // Convert the entropy to a mnemonic seed
   const mnemonic = encodeBip39Mnemonic(entropy);
 
-  // If the conversion failed, throw an error
   if (typeof mnemonic === "string") {
     throw new Error(`Failed to convert entropy to mnemonic: ${mnemonic}`);
   }
 
-  // Return the mnemonic phrase
   return mnemonic.phrase;
 };
 
 /**
- * Lists all mnemonic files in the current directory
+ * Lists mnemonic files in the given directory.
- * @returns An array of mnemonic file names
+ * @param mnemonicsDir - Directory containing mnemonic files
+ * @returns Basenames suitable for `-m <name>`
  */
-export const listMnemonicFiles = (): string[] => {
+export const listMnemonicFiles = (mnemonicsDir: string): string[] => {
-  const cwd = process.cwd();
+  const filenames = readdirSync(mnemonicsDir).filter((f: string) =>
-  const filenames = readdirSync(cwd).filter((f: string) => f.startsWith('mnemonic-'));
+    f.startsWith("mnemonic-"),
+  );
   return filenames;
 };
+
+/**
+ * Lists mnemonic files using the global mnemonics directory.
+ * Convenience function for use in the CLI entry point before paths are resolved.
+ * @returns Basenames suitable for `-m <name>`
+ */
+export const listGlobalMnemonicFiles = (): string[] => {
+  return listMnemonicFiles(getGlobalMnemonicsDir());
+};

src/cli/utils.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+import type { XOTemplate } from "@xo-cash/types";
+import type { CommandDependencies } from "./commands/types.js";
+import { CommandError } from "./commands/types.js";
+import { generateTemplateIdentifier } from "@xo-cash/engine";
+
+/**
+ * Iterate through the templates, trying to match the id or the name with the given input.
+ * Use multiple for-loops.
+ * First, check the id of every template
+ * Then, check the name of every template. If multiple names match, throw an error.
+ * If no match is found, throw an error.
+ * 
+ * @param deps - The command dependencies.
+ * @param query - The id or name of the template to resolve.
+ * @returns The template object.
+ * @throws CommandError if no template is found.
+ * @throws CommandError if multiple templates are found.
+ */
+export const resolveTemplate = async (deps: CommandDependencies, query: string): Promise<XOTemplate> => {
+  const templates = await deps.app.engine.listImportedTemplates();
+
+  const matches = new Set<XOTemplate>();
+
+  for (const template of templates) {
+    if (generateTemplateIdentifier(template) === query) {
+      return template;
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (const template of templates) {
+    if (template.name === query) {
+      matches.add(template);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (matches.size > 1) {
+    throw new CommandError(
+      "template.resolve.multiple_matches",
+      `Multiple templates found for "${query}": ${Array.from(matches).map(template => `${template.name} (${generateTemplateIdentifier(template)})`).join(", ")}`,
+    );
+  }
+
+  if (matches.size === 1) {
+    return matches.values().next().value!;
+  }
+
+  throw new CommandError("template.resolve.not_found", `Template not found: ${query}`);
+}

src/index.ts

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env node
 /**
  * XO Wallet CLI - Terminal User Interface for XO crypto wallet.
  *
@@ -9,18 +10,25 @@
  * 5. Real-time updates via SSE
  */
 
+import { join } from "node:path";
+
 import { App } from "./app.js";
+import { getDataDir } from "./utils/paths.js";
 
 /**
  * Main entry point.
  */
 async function main(): Promise<void> {
   try {
+    const dataDir = getDataDir();
     // Create and start the application
     await App.create({
       syncServerUrl: process.env["SYNC_SERVER_URL"] ?? "http://localhost:3000",
-      databasePath: process.env["DB_PATH"] ?? "./",
+      databasePath: process.env["DB_PATH"] ?? dataDir,
       databaseFilename: process.env["DB_FILENAME"] ?? "xo-wallet.db",
+      invitationStoragePath:
+        process.env["INVITATION_STORAGE_PATH"] ??
+        join(dataDir, "xo-invitations.db"),
     });
   } catch (error) {
     console.error("Failed to start XO Wallet CLI:", error);

src/services/app.ts

@@ -7,10 +7,10 @@ import {
 import type { XOInvitation } from "@xo-cash/types";
 
 import { Invitation } from "./invitation.js";
-import { Storage } from "./storage.js";
+import { BaseStorage, Storage } from "./storage.js";
 import { SyncServer } from "../utils/sync-server.js";
 import { HistoryService } from "./history.js";
-import { ElectrumService } from "./electrum.js";
+import { type BlockchainService, ElectrumService } from "./electrum.js";
 
 import { EventEmitter } from "../utils/event-emitter.js";
 
@@ -42,10 +42,10 @@ export interface AppConfig {
 
 export class AppService extends EventEmitter<AppEventMap> {
   public engine: Engine;
-  public storage: Storage;
+  public storage: BaseStorage;
   public config: AppConfig;
   public history: HistoryService;
-  public electrum: ElectrumService;
+  public electrum: BlockchainService;
 
   public invitations: Invitation[] = [];
   private invitationEventCleanup = new Map<
@@ -101,9 +101,9 @@ export class AppService extends EventEmitter<AppEventMap> {
 
   constructor(
     engine: Engine,
-    storage: Storage,
+    storage: BaseStorage,
     config: AppConfig,
-    electrum: ElectrumService,
+    electrum: BlockchainService,
   ) {
     super();
 
@@ -224,14 +224,14 @@ export class AppService extends EventEmitter<AppEventMap> {
    */
   async unreserveAllResources(): Promise<number> {
     const allUnspentOutputs = await this.engine.listUnspentOutputsData();
-    const reserved = allUnspentOutputs.filter((o) => o.reserved);
+    const reserved = allUnspentOutputs.filter((o) => o.reservedBy);
 
     // Group by invitation identifier so the engine can clear them properly.
     const byInvitation = new Map<string, typeof reserved>();
     for (const output of reserved) {
-      const existing = byInvitation.get(output.invitationIdentifier) ?? [];
+      const existing = byInvitation.get(output.reservedBy!) ?? [];
       existing.push(output);
-      byInvitation.set(output.invitationIdentifier, existing);
+      byInvitation.set(output.reservedBy!, existing);
     }
 
     for (const [invitationIdentifier, outputs] of byInvitation) {

src/services/electrum.ts

@@ -8,6 +8,10 @@ export interface ElectrumServiceConfig {
   applicationIdentifier?: string;
 }
 
+export abstract class BlockchainService {
+  abstract hasSeenTransaction(transactionHash: string): Promise<boolean>;
+}
+
 /**
  * Small Electrum adapter used by CLI services.
  * Keeps connection logic in one place and exposes a tiny API.

src/services/history.ts

@@ -401,7 +401,7 @@ export class HistoryService {
     return {
       kind: "utxo",
       id: this.getUtxoId(utxo),
-      invitationIdentifier: utxo.invitationIdentifier || undefined,
+      invitationIdentifier: utxo.reservedBy || undefined,
       templateIdentifier: utxo.templateIdentifier,
       outputIdentifier: utxo.outputIdentifier,
       outpoint: {
@@ -409,7 +409,7 @@ export class HistoryService {
         index: utxo.outpointIndex,
       },
       valueSatoshis: BigInt(utxo.valueSatoshis),
-      reserved: utxo.reserved,
+      reserved: utxo.reservedBy ? true : false,
       direction,
       description,
       descriptionParts: {
@@ -517,7 +517,7 @@ export class HistoryService {
     utxo: UnspentOutputData,
     invitationByUtxoOrigin: Map<string, UtxoOriginContext>,
   ): string | undefined {
-    if (utxo.invitationIdentifier) return utxo.invitationIdentifier;
+    if (utxo.reservedBy) return utxo.reservedBy;
     const originKey = this.getUtxoOriginKey(
       utxo.templateIdentifier,
       utxo.outputIdentifier,

src/services/invitation.ts

@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@ import {
 
 import type { SSEvent } from "../utils/sse-client.js";
 import type { SyncServer } from "../utils/sync-server.js";
-import type { Storage } from "./storage.js";
+import type { BaseStorage } from "./storage.js";
-import type { ElectrumService } from "./electrum.js";
+import type { BlockchainService } from "./electrum.js";
 
 import { EventEmitter } from "../utils/event-emitter.js";
 import { decodeExtendedJsonObject } from "../utils/ext-json.js";
@@ -39,9 +39,9 @@ export type InvitationEventMap = {
 
 export type InvitationDependencies = {
   syncServer: SyncServer;
-  storage: Storage;
+  storage: BaseStorage;
   engine: Engine;
-  electrum: ElectrumService;
+  electrum: BlockchainService;
 };
 
 export class Invitation extends EventEmitter<InvitationEventMap> {
@@ -119,8 +119,8 @@ export class Invitation extends EventEmitter<InvitationEventMap> {
    * The storage instance.
    * TODO: This should be a composite with the sync server (probably. We currently double handle this work, which is stupid)
    */
-  private storage: Storage;
+  private storage: BaseStorage;
-  private electrum: ElectrumService;
+  private electrum: BlockchainService;
 
   /**
    * The status of the invitation (last emitted word: pending, actionable, signed, ready, complete, expired, unknown).

src/services/storage.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,16 @@
 import Database from "better-sqlite3";
 import { decodeExtendedJson, encodeExtendedJson } from "../utils/ext-json.js";
 
-export class Storage {
+export abstract class BaseStorage {
+  abstract all(): Promise<{ key: string; value: any }[]>;
+  abstract set(key: string, value: any): Promise<void>;
+  abstract get(key: string): Promise<any>;
+  abstract remove(key: string): Promise<void>;
+  abstract clear(): Promise<void>;
+  abstract child(key: string): BaseStorage;
+}
+
+export class Storage extends BaseStorage {
   static async create(dbPath: string): Promise<Storage> {
     // Create the database
     const database = new Database(dbPath);
@@ -19,7 +28,9 @@ export class Storage {
   constructor(
     private readonly database: Database.Database,
     private readonly basePath: string,
-  ) {}
+  ) {
+    super();
+  }
 
   /**
    * Get the full key with basePath prefix
@@ -117,3 +128,104 @@ export class Storage {
     return new Storage(this.database, this.getFullKey(key));
   }
 }
+
+/**
+ * In-memory storage adapter with the same namespaced API as {@link Storage}.
+ *
+ * This adapter is useful for tests and short-lived sessions where persisted
+ * SQLite state is not needed.
+ */
+export class InMemoryStorage extends BaseStorage {
+  static async create(): Promise<InMemoryStorage> {
+    return new InMemoryStorage(new Map<string, string>(), "");
+  }
+
+  constructor(
+    private readonly store: Map<string, string>,
+    private readonly basePath: string,
+  ) {
+    super();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the full key with basePath prefix.
+   */
+  private getFullKey(key: string): string {
+    return this.basePath ? `${this.basePath}.${key}` : key;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Strip the basePath prefix from a key.
+   */
+  private stripBasePath(fullKey: string): string {
+    if (!this.basePath) return fullKey;
+    const prefix = `${this.basePath}.`;
+    return fullKey.startsWith(prefix) ? fullKey.slice(prefix.length) : fullKey;
+  }
+
+  async set(key: string, value: any): Promise<void> {
+    const fullKey = this.getFullKey(key);
+    const encodedValue = encodeExtendedJson(value);
+    this.store.set(fullKey, encodedValue);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get all key-value pairs from this storage namespace (shallow only).
+   */
+  async all(): Promise<{ key: string; value: any }[]> {
+    const rows: Array<{ key: string; value: string }> = [];
+    const prefix = this.basePath ? `${this.basePath}.` : "";
+
+    for (const [key, value] of this.store.entries()) {
+      if (this.basePath && !key.startsWith(prefix)) continue;
+      rows.push({ key, value });
+    }
+
+    const filteredRows = rows.filter((row) => {
+      const strippedKey = this.stripBasePath(row.key);
+      return !strippedKey.includes(".");
+    });
+
+    return filteredRows.map((row) => ({
+      key: this.stripBasePath(row.key),
+      value: decodeExtendedJson(row.value),
+    }));
+  }
+
+  async get(key: string): Promise<any> {
+    const fullKey = this.getFullKey(key);
+    const encodedValue = this.store.get(fullKey);
+    if (encodedValue === undefined) return null;
+
+    return decodeExtendedJson(encodedValue);
+  }
+
+  async remove(key: string): Promise<void> {
+    const fullKey = this.getFullKey(key);
+    this.store.delete(fullKey);
+  }
+
+  async clear(): Promise<void> {
+    if (!this.basePath) {
+      this.store.clear();
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const prefix = `${this.basePath}.`;
+    const keysToDelete: string[] = [];
+
+    for (const key of this.store.keys()) {
+      if (key.startsWith(prefix)) {
+        keysToDelete.push(key);
+      }
+    }
+
+    for (const key of keysToDelete) {
+      this.store.delete(key);
+    }
+  }
+
+  child(key: string): InMemoryStorage {
+    return new InMemoryStorage(this.store, this.getFullKey(key));
+  }
+}

src/tui/screens/SeedInput.tsx

@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ import { colors, logo } from '../theme.js';
 
 import fs from 'fs';
 import path from 'path';
+import { createMnemonicFile } from '../../cli/mnemonic.js';
+import { getMnemonicsDir } from '../../utils/paths.js';
 import { BCHMnemonicURL } from '../../utils/bch-mnemonic-url.js';
 import { encodeBip39Mnemonic } from '@bitauth/libauth';
 
@@ -39,20 +41,26 @@ interface MnemonicFileEntry {
  * Focus sections the user can tab between.
  * When saved wallets exist the file list is shown first.
  */
-type FocusSection = 'files' | 'input' | 'button';
+type FocusSection = 'files' | 'input' | 'saveCheckbox' | 'button';
 
 /**
- * Reads mnemonic-* files from cwd, parses each as a BCHMnemonicURL,
+ * Reads mnemonic-* files from ~/.config/xo-cli/mnemonics/ (same as xo-cli),
- * and converts the entropy back to a BIP39 English mnemonic phrase.
+ * then from cwd for legacy installs. Parses each as a BCHMnemonicURL.
  */
 function loadMnemonicFiles(): MnemonicFileEntry[] {
-  const cwd = process.cwd();
+  const dirs = [getMnemonicsDir(), process.cwd()];
-  const filenames = fs.readdirSync(cwd).filter((f) => f.startsWith('mnemonic-'));
+  const seenBasenames = new Set<string>();
   const entries: MnemonicFileEntry[] = [];
 
+  for (const dir of dirs) {
+    if (!fs.existsSync(dir)) continue;
+    const filenames = fs
+      .readdirSync(dir)
+      .filter((f) => f.startsWith('mnemonic-'));
     for (const filename of filenames) {
+      if (seenBasenames.has(filename)) continue;
       try {
-      const content = fs.readFileSync(path.join(cwd, filename), 'utf-8').trim();
+        const content = fs.readFileSync(path.join(dir, filename), 'utf-8').trim();
         const parsed = BCHMnemonicURL.fromURL(content);
         const raw = parsed.toObject();
 
@@ -64,10 +72,12 @@ function loadMnemonicFiles(): MnemonicFileEntry[] {
           ?? filename.replace(/^mnemonic-/, '').replace(/\.[^.]+$/, '');
 
         entries.push({ filename, label, mnemonic: mnemonicResult.phrase });
+        seenBasenames.add(filename);
       } catch {
         // Skip files that can't be parsed
       }
     }
+  }
   return entries;
 }
 
@@ -91,6 +101,9 @@ export function SeedInputScreen(): React.ReactElement {
   const [mnemonicFiles, setMnemonicFiles] = useState<MnemonicFileEntry[]>([]);
   const [selectedFileIndex, setSelectedFileIndex] = useState(0);
 
+  /** When set, manual seed is written to ~/.config/xo-cli/mnemonics/ after a successful unlock. */
+  const [saveMnemonicChecked, setSaveMnemonicChecked] = useState(false);
+
   // Focus: when saved wallets exist default to the file list, otherwise the input.
   const [focusedSection, setFocusedSection] = useState<FocusSection>('input');
 
@@ -104,8 +117,8 @@ export function SeedInputScreen(): React.ReactElement {
    * The ordered list of focusable sections (files section only when entries exist).
    */
   const focusSections: FocusSection[] = mnemonicFiles.length > 0
-    ? ['files', 'input', 'button']
+    ? ['files', 'input', 'saveCheckbox', 'button']
-    : ['input', 'button'];
+    : ['input', 'saveCheckbox', 'button'];
 
   /**
    * Shows a status message with the given type.
@@ -118,7 +131,8 @@ export function SeedInputScreen(): React.ReactElement {
   /**
    * Shared wallet initialization handler used by both manual entry and file selection.
    */
-  const doInitialize = useCallback(async (seed: string) => {
+  const doInitialize = useCallback(
+    async (seed: string, options?: { saveMnemonic?: boolean }) => {
       showStatus('Initializing wallet...', 'loading');
       setStatus('Initializing wallet...');
       setIsSubmitting(true);
@@ -126,20 +140,37 @@ export function SeedInputScreen(): React.ReactElement {
       try {
         await initializeWallet(seed);
 
-      showStatus('Wallet initialized successfully!', 'success');
+        let statusText = 'Wallet initialized successfully!';
+        if (options?.saveMnemonic) {
+          try {
+            const savedAs = createMnemonicFile(getMnemonicsDir(), seed);
+            setMnemonicFiles(loadMnemonicFiles());
+            statusText = `Wallet initialized! Mnemonic saved as ${savedAs}`;
+          } catch (saveErr) {
+            const saveMsg =
+              saveErr instanceof Error ? saveErr.message : String(saveErr);
+            statusText = `Wallet initialized, but could not save mnemonic: ${saveMsg}`;
+          }
+        }
+
+        showStatus(statusText, 'success');
         setStatus('Wallet ready');
         setSeedPhrase('');
+        setSaveMnemonicChecked(false);
 
         setTimeout(() => {
           navigate('wallet');
         }, 500);
       } catch (error) {
-      const message = error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Failed to initialize wallet';
+        const message =
+          error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Failed to initialize wallet';
         showStatus(message, 'error');
         setStatus('Initialization failed');
         setIsSubmitting(false);
       }
-  }, [initializeWallet, navigate, showStatus, setStatus]);
+    },
+    [initializeWallet, navigate, showStatus, setStatus],
+  );
 
   /**
    * Handles manual seed phrase submission with validation.
@@ -158,8 +189,8 @@ export function SeedInputScreen(): React.ReactElement {
       return;
     }
 
-    await doInitialize(seed);
+    await doInitialize(seed, { saveMnemonic: saveMnemonicChecked });
-  }, [seedPhrase, doInitialize, showStatus]);
+  }, [seedPhrase, saveMnemonicChecked, doInitialize, showStatus]);
 
   /**
    * Handles selecting a mnemonic file from the list.
@@ -186,6 +217,14 @@ export function SeedInputScreen(): React.ReactElement {
       return;
     }
 
+    // Space or Enter toggles "save mnemonic" when that row is focused
+    if (focusedSection === 'saveCheckbox') {
+      if (_input === ' ' || key.return) {
+        setSaveMnemonicChecked((v) => !v);
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+
     // Arrow keys inside the file list
     if (focusedSection === 'files' && mnemonicFiles.length > 0) {
       if (key.upArrow) {
@@ -319,6 +358,32 @@ export function SeedInputScreen(): React.ReactElement {
           />
         </Box>
 
+        {/* Save mnemonic checkbox (manual entry only; applies on Continue) */}
+        <Box
+          marginTop={1}
+          paddingX={1}
+          borderStyle='single'
+          borderColor={
+            focusedSection === 'saveCheckbox' ? colors.focus : colors.borderMuted
+          }
+        >
+          <Text
+            color={focusedSection === 'saveCheckbox' ? colors.focus : colors.text}
+            bold={focusedSection === 'saveCheckbox'}
+          >
+            {saveMnemonicChecked ? '[x] ' : '[ ] '}
+          </Text>
+          <Text color={colors.text}>Save this mnemonic</Text>
+          <Text color={colors.textMuted}> (~/.config/xo-cli/mnemonics/)</Text>
+        </Box>
+        {focusedSection === 'saveCheckbox' && (
+          <Box marginTop={0} paddingX={1}>
+            <Text color={colors.textMuted} dimColor>
+              Space / Enter: toggle
+            </Text>
+          </Box>
+        )}
+
         {/* Status message */}
         <Box marginTop={1} height={1}>
           {statusMessage && (
@@ -345,7 +410,7 @@ export function SeedInputScreen(): React.ReactElement {
       {/* Help text */}
       <Box marginTop={2}>
         <Text color={colors.textMuted} dimColor>
-          Tab: navigate sections • Enter: submit • Esc: back
+          Tab: navigate • Enter: submit, load wallet, or toggle save • Space: toggle save • Esc: back
         </Text>
       </Box>
     </Box>

src/tui/screens/invitations/invitation-import/steps/InputsSelectStep.tsx

@@ -94,10 +94,7 @@ export function InputsSelectStep({
       // Create a map of the utxoID to suitable resource
       const utxoIdToSuitableResource = new Map<string, UnspentOutputData>();
       for (const outputIdentifier of outputIdentifiers) {
-        const suitableResources = await invitation.findSuitableResources({
+        const suitableResources = await invitation.findSuitableResources();
-
-          outputIdentifier,
-        });
         for (const suitableResource of suitableResources) {
           utxoIdToSuitableResource.set(suitableResource.outpointTransactionHash + ':' + suitableResource.outpointIndex, suitableResource);
         }

src/utils/paths.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+/**
+ * Global XO CLI config layout (XDG-style: ~/.config/xo-cli/).
+ * User-provided paths (templates, invitation JSON) stay relative to cwd.
+ */
+
+import { existsSync, mkdirSync } from "node:fs";
+import { homedir } from "node:os";
+import { basename, isAbsolute, join, resolve } from "node:path";
+
+/**
+ * Base config directory. Created on first access.
+ */
+export function getConfigDir(): string {
+  const dir = join(homedir(), ".config", "xo-cli");
+  mkdirSync(dir, { recursive: true });
+  return dir;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Directory for mnemonic wallet files (mnemonic-*).
+ */
+export function getMnemonicsDir(): string {
+  const dir = join(getConfigDir(), "mnemonics");
+  mkdirSync(dir, { recursive: true });
+  return dir;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Directory for engine DB and invitation storage SQLite files.
+ */
+export function getDataDir(): string {
+  const dir = join(getConfigDir(), "data");
+  mkdirSync(dir, { recursive: true });
+  return dir;
+}
+
+/**
+ * File storing the last-used mnemonic reference for `-m` omission.
+ */
+export function getWalletConfigPath(): string {
+  return join(getConfigDir(), ".wallet");
+}
+
+/**
+ * Resolves a mnemonic reference to an absolute path.
+ * Order: absolute path if it exists → path relative to cwd → ~/.config/xo-cli/mnemonics/<basename>.
+ *
+ * @param mnemonicRef - Path or basename (e.g. `mnemonic-nuclear`)
+ * @returns Absolute path to the mnemonic file
+ * @throws If no matching file exists
+ */
+export function resolveMnemonicFilePath(mnemonicRef: string): string {
+  if (isAbsolute(mnemonicRef) && existsSync(mnemonicRef)) {
+    return mnemonicRef;
+  }
+
+  const relativeToCwd = resolve(process.cwd(), mnemonicRef);
+  if (existsSync(relativeToCwd)) {
+    return relativeToCwd;
+  }
+
+  const inMnemonics = join(getMnemonicsDir(), basename(mnemonicRef));
+  if (existsSync(inMnemonics)) {
+    return inMnemonics;
+  }
+
+  throw new Error(
+    `Mnemonic file not found: ${mnemonicRef}. Run "xo-cli mnemonic list" to see available files.`,
+  );
+}

tests/cli/commands/handler-contracts.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+import { describe, expect, test } from "vitest";
+
+import { handleMnemonicCommand } from "../../../src/cli/commands/mnemonic";
+import { handleTemplateCommand } from "../../../src/cli/commands/template";
+import { handleReceiveCommand } from "../../../src/cli/commands/receive";
+import { handleResourceCommand } from "../../../src/cli/commands/resource";
+import { CommandError } from "../../../src/cli/commands/types";
+import {
+  createBaseCommandDeps,
+  createCommandDeps,
+  createMockIO,
+} from "../mocks/command";
+
+const fakeApp = {
+  engine: {},
+  invitations: [],
+  unreserveAllResources: async () => 0,
+} as any;
+
+describe("command handler contracts", () => {
+  test("mnemonic throws and prints help for missing subcommand", async () => {
+    const { io, capture } = createMockIO();
+
+    await expect(
+      handleMnemonicCommand(createBaseCommandDeps(io), [], {}),
+    ).rejects.toThrow(CommandError);
+
+    try {
+      await handleMnemonicCommand(createBaseCommandDeps(io), [], {});
+    } catch (error) {
+      expect(error).toBeInstanceOf(CommandError);
+      expect((error as CommandError).event).toBe("mnemonic.subcommand.missing");
+    }
+
+    expect(capture.out.join("\n")).toContain("Usage:");
+  });
+
+  test("template throws for missing subcommand", async () => {
+    const { io, capture } = createMockIO();
+
+    await expect(
+      handleTemplateCommand(createCommandDeps(fakeApp, io), [], {}),
+    ).rejects.toThrow(CommandError);
+
+    try {
+      await handleTemplateCommand(createCommandDeps(fakeApp, io), [], {});
+    } catch (error) {
+      expect(error).toBeInstanceOf(CommandError);
+      expect((error as CommandError).event).toBe("template.subcommand.missing");
+    }
+
+    expect(capture.out.join("\n")).toContain("Usage:");
+  });
+
+  test("receive throws for missing args", async () => {
+    const { io, capture } = createMockIO();
+
+    await expect(
+      handleReceiveCommand(createCommandDeps(fakeApp, io), [], {}),
+    ).rejects.toThrow(CommandError);
+
+    try {
+      await handleReceiveCommand(createCommandDeps(fakeApp, io), [], {});
+    } catch (error) {
+      expect(error).toBeInstanceOf(CommandError);
+      expect((error as CommandError).event).toBe("receive.arguments.missing");
+    }
+
+    expect(capture.out.join("\n")).toContain("Usage:");
+  });
+
+  test("resource throws for unknown subcommand", async () => {
+    const { io } = createMockIO();
+
+    await expect(
+      handleResourceCommand(createCommandDeps(fakeApp, io), ["does-not-exist"], {}),
+    ).rejects.toThrow(CommandError);
+
+    try {
+      await handleResourceCommand(createCommandDeps(fakeApp, io), ["does-not-exist"], {});
+    } catch (error) {
+      expect(error).toBeInstanceOf(CommandError);
+      expect((error as CommandError).event).toBe("resource.subcommand.unknown");
+    }
+  });
+});

tests/cli/commands/mnemonic.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+import { expect, test, describe, beforeEach, afterEach } from "vitest";
+import { mkdtempSync, rmSync, writeFileSync } from "node:fs";
+import { tmpdir } from "node:os";
+import path from "node:path";
+
+import { DEFAULT_SEED } from "../mocks/engine";
+
+import { handleMnemonicCommand } from "../../../src/cli/commands/mnemonic";
+import { CommandError } from "../../../src/cli/commands/types";
+import { createMockIO, createMockPaths, expectLogs, type LogExpectation } from "../mocks/command";
+import { BCHMnemonicURL } from "../../../src/utils/bch-mnemonic-url";
+
+type TestCase = {
+  inputs: string[];
+  options?: Record<string, string>;
+  shouldThrow: boolean;
+  expectedEvent?: string;
+  expectedData?: Record<string, unknown>;
+  logs?: LogExpectation[];
+};
+
+const testCases: TestCase[] = [
+  // Successful creation of a mnemonic file
+  {
+    inputs: ["create"],
+    shouldThrow: false,
+    expectedData: {
+      savedAs: expect.stringMatching(/^mnemonic-\w+$/),
+    },
+    logs: [{ out: "Mnemonic file created" }],
+  },
+  // Successfully creating a mnemonic file with a custom filename
+  {
+    inputs: ["create"],
+    options: { output: "custom-filename" },
+    shouldThrow: false,
+    expectedData: {
+      savedAs: "custom-filename",
+    },
+    logs: [{ out: "custom-filename" }],
+  },
+  // Successfully listing mnemonic files
+  {
+    inputs: ["list"],
+    shouldThrow: false,
+    expectedData: {
+      count: expect.toSatisfy((count: number) => count >= 1),
+    },
+    logs: [{ out: "mnemonic-test" }],
+  },
+  // Successfully exposing a mnemonic file
+  {
+    inputs: ["expose", "mnemonic-test"],
+    shouldThrow: false,
+    expectedData: {
+      mnemonic: DEFAULT_SEED,
+    },
+    logs: [{ out: DEFAULT_SEED }],
+  },
+  // Successfully importing a mnemonic file
+  {
+    inputs: ["import", ...DEFAULT_SEED.split(" ")],
+    shouldThrow: false,
+    expectedData: {
+      savedAs: expect.stringMatching(/^mnemonic-\w+$/),
+    },
+    logs: [{ out: "Mnemonic file created" }],
+  },
+  // Failure to import a mnemonic file due to missing arguments
+  {
+    inputs: ["import"],
+    shouldThrow: true,
+    expectedEvent: "mnemonic.import.seed_missing",
+  },
+  // Failure to expose a mnemonic file due to missing arguments
+  {
+    inputs: ["expose"],
+    shouldThrow: true,
+    expectedEvent: "mnemonic.expose.file_missing",
+  },
+  // Failure to expose a mnemonic file due to unknown mnemonic file
+  {
+    inputs: ["expose", "unknown-mnemonic-file"],
+    shouldThrow: true,
+    expectedEvent: "mnemonic.expose.file_not_found",
+  },
+  // Missing sub-command
+  {
+    inputs: [],
+    shouldThrow: true,
+    expectedEvent: "mnemonic.subcommand.missing",
+  },
+  // Unknown sub-command
+  {
+    inputs: ["unknown"],
+    shouldThrow: true,
+    expectedEvent: "mnemonic.subcommand.unknown",
+  },
+];
+
+describe("mnemonic commands", () => {
+  let tempDir: string;
+
+  beforeEach(async () => {
+    tempDir = mkdtempSync(path.join(tmpdir(), "xo-cli-mnemonic-tests-"));
+    
+    // Write a single test mnemonic file to the temp directory
+    writeFileSync(
+      path.join(tempDir, "mnemonic-test"),
+      BCHMnemonicURL.fromSeed(DEFAULT_SEED).toURL(),
+      "utf8",
+    );
+  });
+
+  afterEach(async () => {
+    rmSync(tempDir, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  });
+
+  test.each(testCases)("mnemonic command: $inputs", async ({ inputs, options, shouldThrow, expectedEvent, expectedData, logs }) => {
+    const { io, spies } = createMockIO();
+    const paths = createMockPaths(tempDir);
+
+    if (shouldThrow) {
+      try {
+        await handleMnemonicCommand({ io, paths }, inputs, options ?? {});
+        expect.fail("Expected command to throw");
+      } catch (error) {
+        if (expectedEvent) {
+          expect(error).toBeInstanceOf(CommandError);
+          expect((error as CommandError).event).toBe(expectedEvent);
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      const result = await handleMnemonicCommand({ io, paths }, inputs, options ?? {});
+      if (expectedData) {
+        Object.entries(expectedData).forEach(([key, value]) => {
+          expect(result[key as keyof typeof result]).toEqual(value);
+        });
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (logs) {
+      expectLogs(spies, logs);
+    }
+  });
+});

tests/cli/commands/receive.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+import { expect, test, describe, beforeEach, afterEach } from "vitest";
+import { mkdtempSync, rmSync } from "node:fs";
+import { tmpdir } from "node:os";
+import path from "node:path";
+
+import { createMockAppService, createMockEngine, DEFAULT_SEED } from "../mocks/engine";
+import { type Engine } from "@xo-cash/engine";
+import { p2pkhTemplate } from "../mocks/template-p2pkh";
+import { AppService } from "../../../src/services/app";
+
+import { handleReceiveCommand } from "../../../src/cli/commands/receive";
+import { CommandError } from "../../../src/cli/commands/types";
+import { createCommandDeps, createMockIO, expectLogs, type LogExpectation } from "../mocks/command";
+
+type TestCase = {
+  name: string;
+  inputs: string[];
+  options?: Record<string, string>;
+  shouldThrow: boolean;
+  expectedEvent?: string;
+  expectedData?: Record<string, unknown>;
+  logs?: LogExpectation[];
+};
+
+const testCases: TestCase[] = [
+  // Successful address generation with template name and output identifier
+  {
+    name: "generates address with template name and output",
+    inputs: ["Wallet (P2PKH)", "receiveOutput"],
+    shouldThrow: false,
+    expectedData: {
+      address: expect.stringMatching(/^bitcoincash:q[a-z0-9]+$/),
+    },
+    logs: [{ out: "bitcoincash:q" }],
+  },
+  // Successful address generation with role specified
+  {
+    name: "generates address with template name, output, and role",
+    inputs: ["Wallet (P2PKH)", "receiveOutput", "receiver"],
+    shouldThrow: false,
+    expectedData: {
+      address: expect.stringMatching(/^bitcoincash:q[a-z0-9]+$/),
+    },
+    logs: [{ out: "bitcoincash:q" }],
+  },
+  // Missing all required arguments
+  {
+    name: "throws when no arguments provided",
+    inputs: [],
+    shouldThrow: true,
+    expectedEvent: "receive.arguments.missing",
+  },
+  // Missing output identifier
+  {
+    name: "throws when output identifier missing",
+    inputs: ["Wallet (P2PKH)"],
+    shouldThrow: true,
+    expectedEvent: "receive.arguments.missing",
+  },
+  // Unknown template
+  {
+    name: "throws when template not found",
+    inputs: ["unknown-template", "receiveOutput"],
+    shouldThrow: true,
+    expectedEvent: "template.resolve.not_found",
+  },
+];
+
+describe("receive command", () => {
+  let engine: Engine;
+  let app: AppService;
+  let tempDir: string;
+
+  beforeEach(async () => {
+    engine = await createMockEngine(DEFAULT_SEED);
+    await engine.importTemplate(p2pkhTemplate);
+
+    app = await createMockAppService(engine);
+
+    tempDir = mkdtempSync(path.join(tmpdir(), "xo-cli-receive-tests-"));
+  });
+
+  afterEach(async () => {
+    await engine.stop();
+    rmSync(tempDir, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  });
+
+  test.each(testCases)("$name", async ({ inputs, options, shouldThrow, expectedEvent, expectedData, logs }) => {
+    const { io, spies } = createMockIO();
+
+    if (shouldThrow) {
+      try {
+        await handleReceiveCommand(createCommandDeps(app, io), inputs, options ?? {});
+        expect.fail("Expected command to throw");
+      } catch (error) {
+        if (expectedEvent) {
+          expect(error).toBeInstanceOf(CommandError);
+          expect((error as CommandError).event).toBe(expectedEvent);
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      const result = await handleReceiveCommand(createCommandDeps(app, io), inputs, options ?? {});
+      if (expectedData) {
+        Object.entries(expectedData).forEach(([key, value]) => {
+          expect(result[key as keyof typeof result]).toEqual(value);
+        });
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (logs) {
+      expectLogs(spies, logs);
+    }
+  });
+});

tests/cli/commands/resource.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,279 @@
+import { expect, test, describe, beforeEach, afterEach } from "vitest";
+import { mkdtempSync, rmSync } from "node:fs";
+import { tmpdir } from "node:os";
+import path from "node:path";
+
+import { addFakeResource, createMockAppService, createMockEngine, DEFAULT_SEED, reserveResource } from "../mocks/engine";
+import { type Engine } from "@xo-cash/engine";
+import { p2pkhTemplate } from "../mocks/template-p2pkh";
+import { AppService } from "../../../src/services/app";
+
+import { handleResourceCommand } from "../../../src/cli/commands/resource";
+import { CommandError } from "../../../src/cli/commands/types";
+import { createCommandDeps, createMockIO, expectLogs, type LogExpectation } from "../mocks/command";
+
+type TestCase = {
+  name: string;
+  inputs: string[];
+  options?: Record<string, string>;
+  shouldThrow: boolean;
+  expectedEvent?: string;
+  expectedData?: Record<string, unknown>;
+  logs?: LogExpectation[];
+};
+
+const testCases: TestCase[] = [
+  // List commands (no resources in empty wallet)
+  {
+    name: "list returns empty count when no resources",
+    inputs: ["list"],
+    shouldThrow: false,
+    expectedData: {
+      count: 0,
+    },
+    logs: [{ out: "No resources found" }],
+  },
+  {
+    name: "list reserved returns empty count when no reserved resources",
+    inputs: ["list", "reserved"],
+    shouldThrow: false,
+    expectedData: {
+      count: 0,
+    },
+    logs: [{ out: "No resources found" }],
+  },
+  {
+    name: "list all returns empty count when no resources",
+    inputs: ["list", "all"],
+    shouldThrow: false,
+    expectedData: {
+      count: 0,
+    },
+    logs: [{ out: "No resources found" }],
+  },
+  // Unreserve-all with no resources
+  {
+    name: "unreserve-all returns zero count when no reserved resources",
+    inputs: ["unreserve-all"],
+    shouldThrow: false,
+    expectedData: {
+      count: 0,
+    },
+    logs: [{ out: "No reserved resources" }],
+  },
+  // Error cases
+  {
+    name: "throws when no subcommand provided",
+    inputs: [],
+    shouldThrow: true,
+    expectedEvent: "resource.subcommand.missing",
+  },
+  {
+    name: "throws when unknown subcommand provided",
+    inputs: ["unknown-subcommand"],
+    shouldThrow: true,
+    expectedEvent: "resource.subcommand.unknown",
+  },
+  {
+    name: "throws when unreserve called without outpoint",
+    inputs: ["unreserve"],
+    shouldThrow: true,
+    expectedEvent: "resource.unreserve.outpoint_missing",
+  },
+  {
+    name: "throws when unreserve called with invalid outpoint format (no colon)",
+    inputs: ["unreserve", "invalid-outpoint"],
+    shouldThrow: true,
+    expectedEvent: "resource.unreserve.outpoint_invalid",
+  },
+  {
+    name: "throws when unreserve called with invalid outpoint format (no vout)",
+    inputs: ["unreserve", "abc123:"],
+    shouldThrow: true,
+    expectedEvent: "resource.unreserve.outpoint_invalid",
+  },
+  {
+    name: "throws when unreserve called with non-existent UTXO",
+    inputs: ["unreserve", "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000:0"],
+    shouldThrow: true,
+    expectedEvent: "resource.unreserve.utxo_missing",
+  },
+];
+
+describe("resource command", () => {
+  let engine: Engine;
+  let app: AppService;
+  let tempDir: string;
+
+  beforeEach(async () => {
+    engine = await createMockEngine(DEFAULT_SEED);
+    await engine.importTemplate(p2pkhTemplate);
+
+    app = await createMockAppService(engine);
+
+    tempDir = mkdtempSync(path.join(tmpdir(), "xo-cli-resource-tests-"));
+  });
+
+  afterEach(async () => {
+    await engine.stop();
+    rmSync(tempDir, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  });
+
+  test.each(testCases)("$name", async ({ inputs, options, shouldThrow, expectedEvent, expectedData, logs }) => {
+    const { io, spies } = createMockIO();
+
+    if (shouldThrow) {
+      try {
+        await handleResourceCommand(createCommandDeps(app, io), inputs, options ?? {});
+        expect.fail("Expected command to throw");
+      } catch (error) {
+        if (expectedEvent) {
+          expect(error).toBeInstanceOf(CommandError);
+          expect((error as CommandError).event).toBe(expectedEvent);
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      const result = await handleResourceCommand(createCommandDeps(app, io), inputs, options ?? {});
+      if (expectedData) {
+        Object.entries(expectedData).forEach(([key, value]) => {
+          expect(result[key as keyof typeof result]).toEqual(value);
+        });
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (logs) {
+      expectLogs(spies, logs);
+    }
+  });
+});
+
+describe("resource command with populated data", () => {
+  let engine: Engine;
+  let app: AppService;
+  let tempDir: string;
+
+  beforeEach(async () => {
+    engine = await createMockEngine(DEFAULT_SEED);
+    await engine.importTemplate(p2pkhTemplate);
+    app = await createMockAppService(engine);
+    tempDir = mkdtempSync(path.join(tmpdir(), "xo-cli-resource-tests-"));
+  });
+
+  afterEach(async () => {
+    await engine.stop();
+    rmSync(tempDir, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  });
+
+  test("list returns count when resources exist", async () => {
+    await addFakeResource(engine, { valueSatoshis: 50000 });
+    await addFakeResource(engine, { valueSatoshis: 25000 });
+
+    const { io, spies } = createMockIO();
+    const result = await handleResourceCommand(createCommandDeps(app, io), ["list"], {});
+
+    expect(result.count).toBe(2);
+    expectLogs(spies, [{ out: "Total resources: 2" }]);
+  });
+
+  test("list shows total satoshis", async () => {
+    await addFakeResource(engine, { valueSatoshis: 50000 });
+    await addFakeResource(engine, { valueSatoshis: 25000 });
+
+    const { io, spies } = createMockIO();
+    await handleResourceCommand(createCommandDeps(app, io), ["list"], {});
+
+    expectLogs(spies, [{ out: "Total satoshis: 75000" }]);
+  });
+
+  test("list excludes reserved resources by default", async () => {
+    await addFakeResource(engine, { valueSatoshis: 50000 });
+    await addFakeResource(engine, { valueSatoshis: 25000, reservedBy: "inv-123" });
+
+    const { io } = createMockIO();
+    const result = await handleResourceCommand(createCommandDeps(app, io), ["list"], {});
+
+    expect(result.count).toBe(1);
+  });
+
+  test("list reserved shows only reserved resources", async () => {
+    await addFakeResource(engine, { valueSatoshis: 50000 });
+    await addFakeResource(engine, { valueSatoshis: 25000, reservedBy: "inv-123" });
+    await addFakeResource(engine, { valueSatoshis: 10000, reservedBy: "inv-456" });
+
+    const { io, spies } = createMockIO();
+    const result = await handleResourceCommand(createCommandDeps(app, io), ["list", "reserved"], {});
+
+    expect(result.count).toBe(2);
+    expectLogs(spies, [{ out: "reserved for inv-123" }]);
+  });
+
+  test("list all shows both reserved and unreserved", async () => {
+    await addFakeResource(engine, { valueSatoshis: 50000 });
+    await addFakeResource(engine, { valueSatoshis: 25000, reservedBy: "inv-123" });
+
+    const { io } = createMockIO();
+    const result = await handleResourceCommand(createCommandDeps(app, io), ["list", "all"], {});
+
+    expect(result.count).toBe(2);
+  });
+
+  test("unreserve releases a reserved UTXO", async () => {
+    const resource = await addFakeResource(engine, { valueSatoshis: 25000, reservedBy: "inv-123" });
+
+    const { io, spies } = createMockIO();
+    await handleResourceCommand(
+      createCommandDeps(app, io),
+      ["unreserve", `${resource.outpointTransactionHash}:${resource.outpointIndex}`],
+      {},
+    );
+
+    expectLogs(spies, [{ out: "Unreserved" }, { out: "was reserved for inv-123" }]);
+
+    const resources = await engine.listUnspentOutputsData();
+    const target = resources.find(
+      r => r.outpointTransactionHash === resource.outpointTransactionHash,
+    );
+    expect(target?.reservedBy).toBeUndefined();
+  });
+
+  test("unreserve reports when UTXO is not reserved", async () => {
+    const resource = await addFakeResource(engine, { valueSatoshis: 25000 });
+
+    const { io, spies } = createMockIO();
+    await handleResourceCommand(
+      createCommandDeps(app, io),
+      ["unreserve", `${resource.outpointTransactionHash}:${resource.outpointIndex}`],
+      {},
+    );
+
+    expectLogs(spies, [{ out: "UTXO is not reserved" }]);
+  });
+
+  test("unreserve-all releases all reserved UTXOs", async () => {
+    await addFakeResource(engine, { valueSatoshis: 50000 });
+    await addFakeResource(engine, { valueSatoshis: 25000, reservedBy: "inv-123" });
+    await addFakeResource(engine, { valueSatoshis: 10000, reservedBy: "inv-456" });
+
+    const { io, spies } = createMockIO();
+    const result = await handleResourceCommand(createCommandDeps(app, io), ["unreserve-all"], {});
+
+    expect(result.count).toBe(2);
+    expectLogs(spies, [{ out: "Unreserved" }, { out: "2" }]);
+
+    const resources = await engine.listUnspentOutputsData();
+    const reserved = resources.filter(r => r.reservedBy);
+    expect(reserved).toHaveLength(0);
+  });
+
+  test("list displays outpoint information", async () => {
+    const resource = await addFakeResource(engine, { valueSatoshis: 12345 });
+
+    const { io, spies } = createMockIO();
+    await handleResourceCommand(createCommandDeps(app, io), ["list"], {});
+
+    expectLogs(spies, [
+      { out: resource.outpointTransactionHash },
+      { out: "12345 sats" },
+    ]);
+  });
+});

tests/cli/commands/template.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+import { expect, test, describe, beforeEach, afterEach } from "vitest";
+import { mkdtempSync, rmSync, writeFileSync } from "node:fs";
+import { tmpdir } from "node:os";
+import path from "node:path";
+
+import { createMockAppService, createMockEngine, DEFAULT_SEED } from "../mocks/engine";
+import { type Engine } from "@xo-cash/engine";
+import { p2pkhTemplate, p2pkhTemplateIdentifier } from "../mocks/template-p2pkh";
+import { AppService } from "../../../src/services/app";
+
+import { handleTemplateCommand } from "../../../src/cli/commands/template";
+import { CommandError } from "../../../src/cli/commands/types";
+import { createCommandDeps, createMockIO, expectLogs, type LogExpectation } from "../mocks/command";
+
+type TestCase = {
+  name: string;
+  inputs: string[];
+  options?: Record<string, string>;
+  shouldThrow: boolean;
+  expectedEvent?: string;
+  expectedData?: Record<string, unknown>;
+  logs?: LogExpectation[];
+};
+
+const testCases: TestCase[] = [
+  // List command
+  {
+    name: "list returns count of imported templates",
+    inputs: ["list"],
+    shouldThrow: false,
+    expectedData: {
+      count: 1,
+    },
+    logs: [{ out: "Wallet (P2PKH)" }],
+  },
+  // List by category
+  {
+    name: "list action returns actions for template",
+    inputs: ["list", "action", p2pkhTemplateIdentifier],
+    shouldThrow: false,
+    expectedData: {},
+    logs: [{ out: "receive" }],
+  },
+  {
+    name: "list output returns outputs for template",
+    inputs: ["list", "output", p2pkhTemplateIdentifier],
+    shouldThrow: false,
+    expectedData: {},
+    logs: [{ out: "receiveOutput" }],
+  },
+  {
+    name: "list variable returns variables for template",
+    inputs: ["list", "variable", p2pkhTemplateIdentifier],
+    shouldThrow: false,
+    expectedData: {},
+    logs: [{ out: "ownerKey" }],
+  },
+  {
+    name: "list transaction returns transactions for template",
+    inputs: ["list", "transaction", p2pkhTemplateIdentifier],
+    shouldThrow: false,
+    expectedData: {},
+  },
+  {
+    name: "list lockingscript returns locking scripts for template",
+    inputs: ["list", "lockingscript", p2pkhTemplateIdentifier],
+    shouldThrow: false,
+    expectedData: {},
+  },
+  // Inspect command
+  {
+    name: "inspect action returns action details",
+    inputs: ["inspect", "action", p2pkhTemplateIdentifier, "receive"],
+    shouldThrow: false,
+    expectedData: {},
+  },
+  {
+    name: "inspect output returns output details",
+    inputs: ["inspect", "output", p2pkhTemplateIdentifier, "receiveOutput"],
+    shouldThrow: false,
+    expectedData: {},
+  },
+  {
+    name: "inspect variable returns variable details",
+    inputs: ["inspect", "variable", p2pkhTemplateIdentifier, "ownerKey"],
+    shouldThrow: false,
+    expectedData: {},
+  },
+  // Error cases - subcommand
+  {
+    name: "throws when no subcommand provided",
+    inputs: [],
+    shouldThrow: true,
+    expectedEvent: "template.subcommand.missing",
+  },
+  {
+    name: "throws when unknown subcommand provided",
+    inputs: ["unknown-subcommand"],
+    shouldThrow: true,
+    expectedEvent: "template.subcommand.unknown",
+  },
+  // Error cases - import
+  {
+    name: "throws when import called without file",
+    inputs: ["import"],
+    shouldThrow: true,
+    expectedEvent: "template.import.file_missing",
+  },
+  {
+    name: "throws when import called with non-existent file",
+    inputs: ["import", "non-existent-file.json"],
+    shouldThrow: true,
+    expectedEvent: "template.import.file_not_found",
+  },
+  // Error cases - list category
+  {
+    name: "throws when list category called without template identifier",
+    inputs: ["list", "action"],
+    shouldThrow: true,
+    expectedEvent: "template.list.identifier_missing",
+  },
+  {
+    name: "throws when list category called with unknown template",
+    inputs: ["list", "action", "unknown-template"],
+    shouldThrow: true,
+    expectedEvent: "template.list.not_found",
+  },
+  {
+    name: "throws when list called with unknown category",
+    inputs: ["list", "unknown-category", p2pkhTemplateIdentifier],
+    shouldThrow: true,
+    expectedEvent: "template.list.category_unknown",
+  },
+  // Error cases - inspect
+  {
+    name: "throws when inspect called without all arguments",
+    inputs: ["inspect", "action"],
+    shouldThrow: true,
+    expectedEvent: "template.inspect.arguments_missing",
+  },
+  {
+    name: "throws when inspect called with unknown template",
+    inputs: ["inspect", "action", "unknown-template", "receive"],
+    shouldThrow: true,
+    expectedEvent: "template.resolve.not_found",
+  },
+  {
+    name: "throws when inspect called with unknown action",
+    inputs: ["inspect", "action", p2pkhTemplateIdentifier, "unknown-action"],
+    shouldThrow: true,
+    expectedEvent: "template.inspect.action_missing",
+  },
+  {
+    name: "throws when inspect called with unknown category",
+    inputs: ["inspect", "unknown-category", p2pkhTemplateIdentifier, "field"],
+    shouldThrow: true,
+    expectedEvent: "template.inspect.category_unknown",
+  },
+  // Error cases - set-default
+  {
+    name: "throws when set-default called without all arguments",
+    inputs: ["set-default", "template"],
+    shouldThrow: true,
+    expectedEvent: "template.default.arguments_missing",
+  },
+];
+
+describe("template command", () => {
+  let engine: Engine;
+  let app: AppService;
+  let tempDir: string;
+
+  beforeEach(async () => {
+    engine = await createMockEngine(DEFAULT_SEED);
+    await engine.importTemplate(p2pkhTemplate);
+
+    app = await createMockAppService(engine);
+
+    tempDir = mkdtempSync(path.join(tmpdir(), "xo-cli-template-tests-"));
+  });
+
+  afterEach(async () => {
+    await engine.stop();
+    rmSync(tempDir, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  });
+
+  test.each(testCases)("$name", async ({ inputs, options, shouldThrow, expectedEvent, expectedData, logs }) => {
+    const { io, spies } = createMockIO();
+
+    if (shouldThrow) {
+      try {
+        await handleTemplateCommand(createCommandDeps(app, io), inputs, options ?? {});
+        expect.fail("Expected command to throw");
+      } catch (error) {
+        if (expectedEvent) {
+          expect(error).toBeInstanceOf(CommandError);
+          expect((error as CommandError).event).toBe(expectedEvent);
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      const result = await handleTemplateCommand(createCommandDeps(app, io), inputs, options ?? {});
+      if (expectedData) {
+        Object.entries(expectedData).forEach(([key, value]) => {
+          expect(result[key as keyof typeof result]).toEqual(value);
+        });
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (logs) {
+      expectLogs(spies, logs);
+    }
+  });
+
+  test("import imports template from file", async () => {
+    const templatePath = path.join(tempDir, "test-template.json");
+    writeFileSync(templatePath, JSON.stringify(p2pkhTemplate));
+
+    const { io } = createMockIO();
+    
+    const originalCwd = process.cwd();
+    process.chdir(tempDir);
+    
+    try {
+      const result = await handleTemplateCommand(
+        createCommandDeps(app, io),
+        ["import", "test-template.json"],
+        {},
+      );
+
+      expect(result.templateFile).toBe("test-template.json");
+    } finally {
+      process.chdir(originalCwd);
+    }
+  });
+});

tests/cli/integration/entry.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+import { describe, expect, test } from "vitest";
+import { spawnSync } from "node:child_process";
+import path from "node:path";
+
+const runCli = (args: string[]) => {
+  const tsxPath = path.resolve(process.cwd(), "node_modules/.bin/tsx");
+  const cliPath = path.resolve(process.cwd(), "src/cli/index.ts");
+
+  return spawnSync(tsxPath, [cliPath, ...args], {
+    encoding: "utf8",
+    cwd: process.cwd(),
+  });
+};
+
+describe("cli entry boundary behavior", () => {
+  test("returns non-zero for incomplete mnemonic invocation", () => {
+    const result = runCli(["mnemonic"]);
+
+    expect(result.status).toBe(1);
+    expect(result.stdout).toContain("Usage:");
+  });
+
+  test("returns zero for mnemonic list invocation", () => {
+    const result = runCli(["mnemonic", "list"]);
+
+    expect(result.status).toBe(0);
+  });
+});

tests/cli/mnemonic.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+import { expect, test, describe, beforeEach, afterEach } from "vitest";
+import { existsSync, mkdirSync, readFileSync, rmSync, writeFileSync } from "node:fs";
+import { tmpdir } from "node:os";
+import path from "node:path";
+
+import {
+  createMnemonicSeed,
+  createMnemonicFile,
+  resolveMnemonicFilePath,
+  loadMnemonic,
+  listMnemonicFiles,
+} from "../../src/cli/mnemonic";
+import { BCHMnemonicURL } from "../../src/utils/bch-mnemonic-url";
+
+const TEST_SEED = "page pencil stock planet limb cluster assault speak off joke private pioneer";
+
+describe("mnemonic utilities", () => {
+  let tempDir: string;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    tempDir = path.join(tmpdir(), `xo-cli-mnemonic-utils-test-${Date.now()}`);
+    mkdirSync(tempDir, { recursive: true });
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    rmSync(tempDir, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  });
+
+  describe("createMnemonicSeed", () => {
+    test("generates a valid BIP39 mnemonic", () => {
+      const mnemonic = createMnemonicSeed();
+
+      expect(typeof mnemonic).toBe("string");
+      const words = mnemonic.split(" ");
+      expect(words.length).toBe(12);
+    });
+
+    test("generates unique mnemonics on each call", () => {
+      const mnemonic1 = createMnemonicSeed();
+      const mnemonic2 = createMnemonicSeed();
+
+      expect(mnemonic1).not.toBe(mnemonic2);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("createMnemonicFile", () => {
+    test("creates a mnemonic file with auto-generated name", () => {
+      const filename = createMnemonicFile(tempDir, TEST_SEED);
+
+      expect(filename).toMatch(/^mnemonic-page$/);
+      expect(existsSync(path.join(tempDir, filename))).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    test("creates a mnemonic file with custom name", () => {
+      const filename = createMnemonicFile(tempDir, TEST_SEED, "my-wallet");
+
+      expect(filename).toBe("my-wallet");
+      expect(existsSync(path.join(tempDir, filename))).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    test("writes valid BCHMnemonicURL format", () => {
+      const filename = createMnemonicFile(tempDir, TEST_SEED, "test-wallet");
+      const content = readFileSync(path.join(tempDir, filename), "utf8");
+
+      expect(content).toMatch(/^bch-mnemonic:/);
+      const parsed = BCHMnemonicURL.fromURL(content);
+      expect(parsed).toBeDefined();
+    });
+
+    test("sanitizes filename to basename only", () => {
+      const filename = createMnemonicFile(tempDir, TEST_SEED, "../../../evil-path");
+
+      expect(filename).toBe("evil-path");
+      expect(existsSync(path.join(tempDir, "evil-path"))).toBe(true);
+      expect(existsSync(path.join(tempDir, "../../../evil-path"))).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    test("throws when mnemonic is empty", () => {
+      expect(() => createMnemonicFile(tempDir, "")).toThrow();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("resolveMnemonicFilePath", () => {
+    test("resolves absolute path when file exists", () => {
+      const filePath = path.join(tempDir, "mnemonic-absolute");
+      writeFileSync(filePath, "test");
+
+      const resolved = resolveMnemonicFilePath(tempDir, filePath);
+      expect(resolved).toBe(filePath);
+    });
+
+    test("resolves path relative to cwd when file exists", () => {
+      const originalCwd = process.cwd();
+      process.chdir(tempDir);
+
+      try {
+        writeFileSync(path.join(tempDir, "mnemonic-relative"), "test");
+        const resolved = resolveMnemonicFilePath("/nonexistent", "mnemonic-relative");
+        expect(resolved).toBe(path.join(tempDir, "mnemonic-relative"));
+      } finally {
+        process.chdir(originalCwd);
+      }
+    });
+
+    test("resolves from mnemonicsDir when file exists there", () => {
+      writeFileSync(path.join(tempDir, "mnemonic-test"), "test");
+
+      const resolved = resolveMnemonicFilePath(tempDir, "mnemonic-test");
+      expect(resolved).toBe(path.join(tempDir, "mnemonic-test"));
+    });
+
+    test("throws when file not found anywhere", () => {
+      expect(() => resolveMnemonicFilePath(tempDir, "nonexistent-file")).toThrow(
+        /Mnemonic file not found/,
+      );
+    });
+
+    test("strips path components and looks up basename in mnemonicsDir", () => {
+      writeFileSync(path.join(tempDir, "mnemonic-basename"), "test");
+
+      const resolved = resolveMnemonicFilePath(tempDir, "some/path/mnemonic-basename");
+      expect(resolved).toBe(path.join(tempDir, "mnemonic-basename"));
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("loadMnemonic", () => {
+    test("loads mnemonic from file", () => {
+      createMnemonicFile(tempDir, TEST_SEED, "test-load");
+
+      const loaded = loadMnemonic(tempDir, "test-load");
+      expect(loaded).toBe(TEST_SEED);
+    });
+
+    test("loads mnemonic from absolute path", () => {
+      const filePath = path.join(tempDir, "mnemonic-absolute-load");
+      createMnemonicFile(tempDir, TEST_SEED, "mnemonic-absolute-load");
+
+      const loaded = loadMnemonic(tempDir, filePath);
+      expect(loaded).toBe(TEST_SEED);
+    });
+
+    test("throws when file not found", () => {
+      expect(() => loadMnemonic(tempDir, "nonexistent")).toThrow(/Mnemonic file not found/);
+    });
+
+    test("throws when file contains invalid data", () => {
+      writeFileSync(path.join(tempDir, "mnemonic-invalid"), "not a valid mnemonic url");
+
+      expect(() => loadMnemonic(tempDir, "mnemonic-invalid")).toThrow();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("listMnemonicFiles", () => {
+    test("returns empty array when no mnemonic files exist", () => {
+      const files = listMnemonicFiles(tempDir);
+      expect(files).toEqual([]);
+    });
+
+    test("lists only files starting with 'mnemonic-'", () => {
+      writeFileSync(path.join(tempDir, "mnemonic-one"), "test");
+      writeFileSync(path.join(tempDir, "mnemonic-two"), "test");
+      writeFileSync(path.join(tempDir, "other-file"), "test");
+      writeFileSync(path.join(tempDir, "wallet.json"), "test");
+
+      const files = listMnemonicFiles(tempDir);
+      expect(files).toHaveLength(2);
+      expect(files).toContain("mnemonic-one");
+      expect(files).toContain("mnemonic-two");
+      expect(files).not.toContain("other-file");
+      expect(files).not.toContain("wallet.json");
+    });
+
+    test("returns sorted or consistent ordering", () => {
+      writeFileSync(path.join(tempDir, "mnemonic-zebra"), "test");
+      writeFileSync(path.join(tempDir, "mnemonic-alpha"), "test");
+      writeFileSync(path.join(tempDir, "mnemonic-beta"), "test");
+
+      const files = listMnemonicFiles(tempDir);
+      expect(files).toHaveLength(3);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("round-trip", () => {
+    test("create and load preserves mnemonic exactly", () => {
+      const original = createMnemonicSeed();
+      createMnemonicFile(tempDir, original, "roundtrip-test");
+
+      const loaded = loadMnemonic(tempDir, "roundtrip-test");
+      expect(loaded).toBe(original);
+    });
+  });
+});

tests/cli/mocks/command.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+import { vi, expect, type Mock } from "vitest";
+import type {
+  BaseCommandDependencies,
+  CommandDependencies,
+  CommandIO,
+  CommandPaths,
+} from "../../../src/cli/commands/types";
+import type { AppService } from "../../../src/services/app";
+
+/**
+ * Captured CLI IO buffers used by tests.
+ */
+export type MockIOCapture = {
+  out: string[];
+  err: string[];
+  verbose: string[];
+};
+
+/**
+ * Spy functions for each IO channel.
+ */
+export type MockIOSpies = {
+  out: Mock;
+  err: Mock;
+  verbose: Mock;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Complete mock IO result including the IO adapter, capture buffers, and spies.
+ */
+export type MockIO = {
+  io: CommandIO;
+  capture: MockIOCapture;
+  spies: MockIOSpies;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Defines an expected log message for assertion.
+ * At least one of out, err, or verbose should be specified.
+ */
+export type LogExpectation = {
+  /** Expected substring (or exact match if exact=true) in io.out */
+  out?: string;
+  /** Expected substring (or exact match if exact=true) in io.err */
+  err?: string;
+  /** Expected substring (or exact match if exact=true) in io.verbose */
+  verbose?: string;
+  /** If true, match the string exactly instead of using contains (default: false) */
+  exact?: boolean;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Creates a command IO adapter that records every message using vi.fn() spies.
+ * This enables vitest's built-in matchers like toHaveBeenCalledWith.
+ */
+export const createMockIO = (): MockIO => {
+  const capture: MockIOCapture = {
+    out: [],
+    err: [],
+    verbose: [],
+  };
+
+  const outSpy = vi.fn((message: string) => {
+    capture.out.push(message);
+  });
+  const errSpy = vi.fn((message: string) => {
+    capture.err.push(message);
+  });
+  const verboseSpy = vi.fn((message: string) => {
+    capture.verbose.push(message);
+  });
+
+  const io: CommandIO = {
+    out: outSpy,
+    err: errSpy,
+    verbose: verboseSpy,
+  };
+
+  return {
+    io,
+    capture,
+    spies: {
+      out: outSpy,
+      err: errSpy,
+      verbose: verboseSpy,
+    },
+  };
+};
+
+/**
+ * Asserts that the expected log messages were printed to the appropriate IO channels.
+ * @param spies - The mock IO spies from createMockIO
+ * @param logs - Array of log expectations to validate
+ */
+export const expectLogs = (spies: MockIOSpies, logs: LogExpectation[]): void => {
+  for (const log of logs) {
+    if (log.out !== undefined) {
+      if (log.exact) {
+        expect(spies.out).toHaveBeenCalledWith(log.out);
+      } else {
+        expect(spies.out).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.stringContaining(log.out));
+      }
+    }
+    if (log.err !== undefined) {
+      if (log.exact) {
+        expect(spies.err).toHaveBeenCalledWith(log.err);
+      } else {
+        expect(spies.err).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.stringContaining(log.err));
+      }
+    }
+    if (log.verbose !== undefined) {
+      if (log.exact) {
+        expect(spies.verbose).toHaveBeenCalledWith(log.verbose);
+      } else {
+        expect(spies.verbose).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.stringContaining(log.verbose));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Creates mock paths for testing.
+ * @param tempDir - Optional temp directory to use as base for all paths
+ */
+export const createMockPaths = (tempDir?: string): CommandPaths => {
+  const base = tempDir ?? "/tmp/xo-cli-test";
+  return {
+    mnemonicsDir: base,
+    dataDir: base,
+    walletConfigPath: `${base}/.wallet`,
+    workingDir: base,
+  };
+};
+
+/**
+ * Creates base command dependencies for commands that do not require the app.
+ * @param io - Command IO adapter
+ * @param paths - Optional custom paths (defaults to mock paths)
+ */
+export const createBaseCommandDeps = (
+  io: CommandIO,
+  paths?: CommandPaths,
+): BaseCommandDependencies => ({
+  io,
+  paths: paths ?? createMockPaths(),
+});
+
+/**
+ * Creates command dependencies for app-backed command handlers.
+ * @param app - App service instance
+ * @param io - Command IO adapter
+ * @param paths - Optional custom paths (defaults to mock paths)
+ */
+export const createCommandDeps = (
+  app: AppService,
+  io: CommandIO,
+  paths?: CommandPaths,
+): CommandDependencies => ({
+  app,
+  io,
+  paths: paths ?? createMockPaths(),
+});

tests/cli/mocks/electrum-service.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+export class MockElectrumService {
+  constructor() {}
+
+  async hasSeenTransaction(transactionHash: string): Promise<boolean> {
+    return true;
+  }
+}

tests/cli/mocks/engine.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+import { BlockchainMonitor, Engine } from "@xo-cash/engine";
+
+import { createStorageAdapter, State, StorageType, type UnspentOutputData } from "@xo-cash/state";
+import { InMemoryBlockchainProvider } from "@xo-cash/engine";
+import { convertMnemonicToSeedBytes } from "@xo-cash/crypto";
+
+import { binToHex, sha256 } from "@bitauth/libauth";
+import { AppService } from "../../../src/services/app";
+import { InMemoryStorage } from "../../../src/services/storage";
+import { MockElectrumService } from "./electrum-service";
+
+export const DEFAULT_SEED = "page pencil stock planet limb cluster assault speak off joke private pioneer";
+
+/**
+ * Options for creating a fake resource (UTXO) in tests.
+ */
+export type FakeResourceOptions = {
+  /** Transaction hash of the outpoint. Auto-generated if not provided. */
+  outpointTransactionHash?: string;
+  /** Index of the outpoint in the transaction. Defaults to 0. */
+  outpointIndex?: number;
+  /** Value in satoshis. Defaults to 10000. */
+  valueSatoshis?: number;
+  /** Template identifier. Defaults to "test-template". */
+  templateIdentifier?: string;
+  /** Output identifier from the template. Defaults to "receiveOutput". */
+  outputIdentifier?: string;
+  /** Locking bytecode for this output. Defaults to a placeholder. */
+  lockingBytecode?: string;
+  /** Block height where the UTXO was mined. Defaults to 800000. */
+  minedAtHeight?: number;
+  /** Invitation identifier that reserves this output. Undefined means unreserved. */
+  reservedBy?: string;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Generates a random 64-character hex string representing a transaction hash.
+ */
+export const randomTxHash = (): string => {
+  const bytes = new Uint8Array(32);
+  crypto.getRandomValues(bytes);
+  return Array.from(bytes).map(b => b.toString(16).padStart(2, "0")).join("");
+};
+
+/**
+ * Adds a fake resource (UTXO) to the engine's state for testing purposes.
+ * @param engine - The engine instance to add the resource to.
+ * @param options - Options for the fake resource. All fields have sensible defaults.
+ * @returns The created UnspentOutputData object.
+ */
+export const addFakeResource = async (
+  engine: Engine,
+  options: FakeResourceOptions = {},
+): Promise<UnspentOutputData> => {
+  const resource: UnspentOutputData = {
+    status: "confirmed",
+    selectable: true,
+    privacy: false,
+    templateIdentifier: options.templateIdentifier ?? "test-template",
+    outputIdentifier: options.outputIdentifier ?? "receiveOutput",
+    outpointIndex: options.outpointIndex ?? 0,
+    outpointTransactionHash: options.outpointTransactionHash ?? randomTxHash(),
+    minedAtHeight: options.minedAtHeight ?? 800000,
+    valueSatoshis: options.valueSatoshis ?? 10000,
+    lockingBytecode: options.lockingBytecode ?? "76a914000000000000000000000000000000000000000088ac",
+    reservedBy: options.reservedBy,
+  };
+
+  await engine.state.storeUnspentOutputData(resource);
+  return resource;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Reserves a resource for a specific invitation.
+ * @param engine - The engine instance.
+ * @param outpointTransactionHash - The transaction hash of the UTXO to reserve.
+ * @param outpointIndex - The output index of the UTXO to reserve.
+ * @param invitationIdentifier - The invitation identifier to reserve for.
+ */
+export const reserveResource = async (
+  engine: Engine,
+  outpointTransactionHash: string,
+  outpointIndex: number,
+  invitationIdentifier: string,
+): Promise<void> => {
+  await engine.state.executeBulkUnspentOutputReservation(
+    [{ outpointTransactionHash, outpointIndex }],
+    true,
+    invitationIdentifier,
+  );
+};
+
+/**
+ * Unreserves a resource from a specific invitation.
+ * @param engine - The engine instance.
+ * @param outpointTransactionHash - The transaction hash of the UTXO to unreserve.
+ * @param outpointIndex - The output index of the UTXO to unreserve.
+ * @param invitationIdentifier - The invitation identifier to unreserve from.
+ */
+export const unreserveResource = async (
+  engine: Engine,
+  outpointTransactionHash: string,
+  outpointIndex: number,
+  invitationIdentifier: string,
+): Promise<void> => {
+  await engine.state.executeBulkUnspentOutputReservation(
+    [{ outpointTransactionHash, outpointIndex }],
+    false,
+    invitationIdentifier,
+  );
+};
+
+/**
+ * Create a mock engine instance with a given seed. Uses the in-memory storage and blockchain provider.
+ * @param seed - The seed to use for the engine.
+ * @returns A mock engine instance.
+ */
+export const createMockEngine = async (seed: string) => {
+  // Create the in-memory storage adapter.
+  const storage = await createStorageAdapter({
+    storageType: StorageType.INMEMORY,
+    accountHash: binToHex(sha256.hash(convertMnemonicToSeedBytes(seed))),
+  });
+
+  // Initialize the storage adapter.
+  await storage.initialize();
+
+  // Create the state instance.
+  const state = new State(storage);
+
+  // Create the in-memory blockchain provider.
+  const blockchainProvider = new InMemoryBlockchainProvider();
+  await blockchainProvider.initialize({
+    applicationIdentifier: "xo-cli-tests",
+    electrumOptions: {},
+  });
+
+  // Create the blockchain monitor instance.
+  const blockchainMonitor = new BlockchainMonitor(state, blockchainProvider);
+  await blockchainMonitor.initializeEventListeners();
+
+  // Create the engine instance.
+  const engine = new Engine(seed, state, blockchainMonitor, blockchainProvider);
+  await engine.initializeStateSync();
+
+  return engine;
+};
+
+export const createMockAppService = async (engine: Engine) => {
+  const storage = await InMemoryStorage.create();
+
+  const electrum = new MockElectrumService();
+
+  const config = {
+    syncServerUrl: "http://localhost:3000",
+    engineConfig: {
+      databasePath: "test-data",
+      databaseFilename: "xo-wallet.db",
+    },
+    invitationStoragePath: "test-invitations.db",
+  };
+
+  return new AppService(engine, storage, config, electrum);
+};

tests/cli/paths.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+import { expect, test, describe, beforeEach, afterEach } from "vitest";
+import { existsSync, mkdirSync, rmSync, writeFileSync } from "node:fs";
+import { homedir, tmpdir } from "node:os";
+import path from "node:path";
+
+import {
+  getConfigDir,
+  getMnemonicsDir,
+  getDataDir,
+  getWalletConfigPath,
+  resolveMnemonicFilePath,
+} from "../../src/utils/paths";
+
+describe("paths utilities", () => {
+  describe("getConfigDir", () => {
+    test("returns path under ~/.config/xo-cli", () => {
+      const configDir = getConfigDir();
+
+      expect(configDir).toBe(path.join(homedir(), ".config", "xo-cli"));
+    });
+
+    test("creates the directory if it does not exist", () => {
+      const configDir = getConfigDir();
+
+      expect(existsSync(configDir)).toBe(true);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("getMnemonicsDir", () => {
+    test("returns path under config dir", () => {
+      const mnemonicsDir = getMnemonicsDir();
+
+      expect(mnemonicsDir).toBe(path.join(homedir(), ".config", "xo-cli", "mnemonics"));
+    });
+
+    test("creates the directory if it does not exist", () => {
+      const mnemonicsDir = getMnemonicsDir();
+
+      expect(existsSync(mnemonicsDir)).toBe(true);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("getDataDir", () => {
+    test("returns path under config dir", () => {
+      const dataDir = getDataDir();
+
+      expect(dataDir).toBe(path.join(homedir(), ".config", "xo-cli", "data"));
+    });
+
+    test("creates the directory if it does not exist", () => {
+      const dataDir = getDataDir();
+
+      expect(existsSync(dataDir)).toBe(true);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("getWalletConfigPath", () => {
+    test("returns .wallet file path under config dir", () => {
+      const walletConfigPath = getWalletConfigPath();
+
+      expect(walletConfigPath).toBe(path.join(homedir(), ".config", "xo-cli", ".wallet"));
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("resolveMnemonicFilePath (global)", () => {
+    let tempDir: string;
+
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      tempDir = path.join(tmpdir(), `xo-cli-paths-test-${Date.now()}`);
+      mkdirSync(tempDir, { recursive: true });
+    });
+
+    afterEach(() => {
+      rmSync(tempDir, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    });
+
+    test("resolves absolute path when file exists", () => {
+      const filePath = path.join(tempDir, "mnemonic-test");
+      writeFileSync(filePath, "test");
+
+      const resolved = resolveMnemonicFilePath(filePath);
+      expect(resolved).toBe(filePath);
+    });
+
+    test("resolves path relative to cwd when file exists", () => {
+      const originalCwd = process.cwd();
+      process.chdir(tempDir);
+
+      try {
+        writeFileSync(path.join(tempDir, "mnemonic-cwd-test"), "test");
+        const resolved = resolveMnemonicFilePath("mnemonic-cwd-test");
+        expect(resolved).toBe(path.join(tempDir, "mnemonic-cwd-test"));
+      } finally {
+        process.chdir(originalCwd);
+      }
+    });
+
+    test("resolves from global mnemonics dir when file exists there", () => {
+      const mnemonicsDir = getMnemonicsDir();
+      const testFile = path.join(mnemonicsDir, "mnemonic-global-test");
+
+      try {
+        writeFileSync(testFile, "test");
+        const resolved = resolveMnemonicFilePath("mnemonic-global-test");
+        expect(resolved).toBe(testFile);
+      } finally {
+        if (existsSync(testFile)) {
+          rmSync(testFile);
+        }
+      }
+    });
+
+    test("throws when file not found anywhere", () => {
+      expect(() => resolveMnemonicFilePath("nonexistent-mnemonic-file-xyz")).toThrow(
+        /Mnemonic file not found/,
+      );
+    });
+
+    test("does not resolve absolute path if file does not exist", () => {
+      const nonExistentPath = "/nonexistent/path/mnemonic-test";
+      expect(() => resolveMnemonicFilePath(nonExistentPath)).toThrow(
+        /Mnemonic file not found/,
+      );
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("path hierarchy", () => {
+    test("mnemonics dir is under config dir", () => {
+      const configDir = getConfigDir();
+      const mnemonicsDir = getMnemonicsDir();
+
+      expect(mnemonicsDir.startsWith(configDir)).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    test("data dir is under config dir", () => {
+      const configDir = getConfigDir();
+      const dataDir = getDataDir();
+
+      expect(dataDir.startsWith(configDir)).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    test("wallet config is under config dir", () => {
+      const configDir = getConfigDir();
+      const walletConfig = getWalletConfigPath();
+
+      expect(walletConfig.startsWith(configDir)).toBe(true);
+    });
+  });
+});