Merge branch 'exponential-backoff' into sse-branc

This commit is contained in:
2026-07-19 19:07:07 +00:00
4 changed files with 893 additions and 0 deletions

22
source/errors.ts Normal file
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/**
* Error thrown when the maximum number of retries is hit in an exponential backoff
*/
export class ExponentialBackoffMaxRetriesHitError extends Error {
constructor(errors: Array<Error>) {
super('Exponential backoff: Max retries hit', { cause: errors });
this.name = 'ExponentialBackoffMaxRetriesHitError';
}
}
/**
* Error thrown when the exponential backoff retries are stopped
*/
export class ExponentialBackoffStoppedRetriesError extends Error {
constructor(reason: unknown) {
// Convert the reason to an error if it is not an error
const reasonError = reason instanceof Error ? reason : new Error(`${reason}`);
super(`Exponential backoff was aborted: "${reasonError.message}"`, { cause: reasonError });
this.name = 'ExponentialBackoffStoppedRetriesError';
}
}

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import { ExponentialBackoffStoppedRetriesError, ExponentialBackoffMaxRetriesHitError } from './errors.ts';
/**
* Exponential backoff is a technique used to retry a function after a delay.
*
* The delay increases exponentially with each attempt, up to a maximum delay.
*
* The jitter is a random amount of time subtracted from the delay to prevent thundering herd problems.
*
* The growth rate is the factor by which the delay increases with each attempt.
*/
export class ExponentialBackoff {
readonly #options: ExponentialBackoffOptions;
/**
* Creates a new exponential-backoff instance.
*
* Unspecified options use the defaults listed below.
*
* @param options - Exponential-backoff configuration overrides.
* @param options.maxDelay - Maximum delay between retries. Default: `10_000` ms.
* @param options.maxAttempts - Maximum number of attempts; `0` retries indefinitely. Default: `10`.
* @param options.baseDelay - Delay used as the basis for the first retry. Default: `1_000` ms.
* @param options.growthRate - Multiplier applied to the delay after each attempt. Default: `2`.
* @param options.jitter - Maximum proportional reduction subtracted from each delay (01). Default: `0.1`.
*/
constructor(options: Partial<ExponentialBackoffOptions> = {}) {
this.#options = {
maxDelay: 10_000,
maxAttempts: 10,
baseDelay: 1_000,
growthRate: 2,
jitter: 0.1,
...options,
};
ExponentialBackoff.validateOptions(this.#options);
}
/**
* Create a new ExponentialBackoff instance
*
* @param config - The configuration for the exponential backoff
* @returns The ExponentialBackoff instance
*/
static from(config?: Partial<ExponentialBackoffOptions>): ExponentialBackoff {
const backoff = new ExponentialBackoff(config);
return backoff;
}
/**
* Run the function with exponential backoff
*
* @param taskFn - The function to run
* @param onError - The callback to call when an error occurs
* @param options - The configuration for the exponential backoff
*
* @throws An {@link ExponentialBackoffMaxRetriesHitError} with all the errors that were thrown by the task function
* @throws An {@link ExponentialBackoffStoppedRetriesError} if the abort signal is activated
*
* @returns The result of the function
*/
static run<T>(
taskFn: (callbackParameters: ExponentialBackoffCallbackParameters) => Promise<T>,
onError = (_error: Error): void => {},
options?: Partial<ExponentialBackoffOptions>,
): Promise<T> {
const backoff = ExponentialBackoff.from(options);
return backoff.run(taskFn, onError);
}
/**
* Calculate the delay before we should attempt to retry
*
* @param options - The configuration for the exponential backoff
* @param attempt - The current attempt number
* @returns The time in milliseconds before another attempt should be made
*/
public static calculateDelay(options: ExponentialBackoffOptions, attempt: number): number {
// Get the power of the growth rate
const power = options.growthRate ** attempt;
// Get the delay before jitter or limit
const rawDelay = options.baseDelay * power;
// Cap the delay to the maximum. Do this before the jitter so jitter does not become larger than delay
const cappedDelay = Math.min(rawDelay, options.maxDelay);
// Get a random number for the amount to "jitter" the delay by
const jitterAmount = Math.random();
// Calculate the jitter
const jitter = jitterAmount * options.jitter * cappedDelay;
// Subtract the jitter from the delay
return cappedDelay - jitter;
}
/**
* Validate the options for the exponential backoff
*
* @param options - The options to validate
*
* @throws An error if the options are invalid
*/
public static validateOptions(options: ExponentialBackoffOptions): void {
// Validate the max delay is a finite number not less than 0
if (!Number.isFinite(options.maxDelay)) {
throw new Error('maxDelay must be a finite number');
}
if (options.maxDelay < 0) {
throw new Error('maxDelay must be not less than 0');
}
// Validate the max attempts is a finite number not less than 0
if (!Number.isFinite(options.maxAttempts)) {
throw new Error('maxAttempts must be a finite number');
}
if (options.maxAttempts < 0) {
throw new Error('maxAttempts must be not less than 0');
}
// Validate the base delay is a finite number not less than 0
if (!Number.isFinite(options.baseDelay)) {
throw new Error('baseDelay must be a finite number');
}
if (options.baseDelay < 0) {
throw new Error('baseDelay must be not less than 0');
}
// Validate the growth rate is a finite number not less than 0
if (!Number.isFinite(options.growthRate)) {
throw new Error('growthRate must be a finite number');
}
if (options.growthRate < 0) {
throw new Error('growthRate must be not less than 0');
}
// Validate the jitter is a finite number not less than 0 or greater than 1
if (!Number.isFinite(options.jitter)) {
throw new Error('jitter must be a finite number');
}
if (options.jitter < 0 || options.jitter > 1) {
throw new Error('jitter must be not less than 0 or greater than 1');
}
}
/**
* Run the function with exponential backoff
*
* If the function fails but we have not hit the max attempts, the error will be passed to the onError callback
* and the function will be retried with an exponential delay
*
* If the function fails and we have hit the max attempts, an ExponentialBackoffMaxRetriesHitError will be thrown with all the errors that were thrown by the task function
*
* @param taskFn - The function to run
* @param onError - The callback to call when an error occurs
*
* @throws An {@link ExponentialBackoffMaxRetriesHitError} with all the errors that were thrown by the task function
* @throws An {@link ExponentialBackoffStoppedRetriesError} if the abort signal is activated
*
* @returns The result of the function
*/
async run<T>(
taskFn: (callbackParameters: ExponentialBackoffCallbackParameters) => Promise<T>,
onError = (_error: Error): void => {},
): Promise<T> {
// Initialize an abort signal to allow the task function to be aborted
const abortController = new AbortController();
const stopRetries = abortController.abort.bind(abortController);
// Initialize an empty array to store the errors
const errors: Error[] = [];
// Initialize the attempt counter
let attempt = 0;
// If the max attempts is 0, we should continue indefinitely.
const unlimitedAttempts = this.#options.maxAttempts === 0;
// Loop until we succeed, hit the max attempts, or the abort signal is activated
while (true) {
try {
// Await the promise before returning so its execution context remains in the try-catch
// If we didn't await, this `run` function would successfully return and any errors would not be caught here.
return await taskFn({ stopRetries });
} catch (error) {
// Store the error in case we fail every attempt
const errorInstance = error instanceof Error ? error : new Error(`${error}`);
onError(errorInstance);
// If we have unlimited attempts, don't append this to the errors array to prevent a memory leak.
if (!unlimitedAttempts) {
errors.push(errorInstance);
}
}
// Calculate the count for next attempt. Do this now so we can exit before waiting and before running the next attempt.
const nextAttemptCount = attempt + 1;
const nextAttemptExceedsMaxAttempts = nextAttemptCount >= this.#options.maxAttempts;
// If the next attempt exceeds the max attempts, break out of the loop
if (!unlimitedAttempts && nextAttemptExceedsMaxAttempts) {
break;
}
// Check if the abort signal has been aborted
if (abortController.signal.aborted) {
// Throw an error if the abort signal has been aborted
throw new ExponentialBackoffStoppedRetriesError(abortController.signal.reason);
}
// Wait before going to the next attempt
const delay = ExponentialBackoff.calculateDelay(this.#options, attempt);
await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, delay));
attempt++;
}
// We completed the loop without ever succeeding. Throw an ExponentialBackoffMaxRetriesHitError with all the errors we got
throw new ExponentialBackoffMaxRetriesHitError(errors);
}
}
export type ExponentialBackoffOptions = {
/**
* The maximum delay between attempts in milliseconds
*/
maxDelay: number;
/**
* The maximum number of attempts. Passing 0 will result in infinite attempts.
*/
maxAttempts: number;
/**
* The base delay between attempts in milliseconds
*/
baseDelay: number;
/**
* The growth rate of the delay
*/
growthRate: number;
/**
* The jitter of the delay as a percentage of growthRate. The jitter is subtracted from the delay.
*/
jitter: number;
};
/**
* The function to call to stop the retries.
* This mimics the AbortSignal.abort function by taking in a reason for stopping
*
* @param reason - The reason for stopping the retries.
*/
export type ExponentialBackoffStopRetriesFunction = (reason: unknown) => void;
/**
* The parameters for the task function
*
* @param stopRetries - The function to call to stop the retries
*/
export type ExponentialBackoffCallbackParameters = {
stopRetries: ExponentialBackoffStopRetriesFunction;
};

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export * from './exponential-backoff.ts';
export * from './extended-json.ts';
export * from './script.ts';
export * from './sse-session/index.ts';

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import { expect, test, vi } from 'vitest';
import { ExponentialBackoff } from '../source/exponential-backoff.ts';
import { ExponentialBackoffMaxRetriesHitError, ExponentialBackoffStoppedRetriesError } from '../source/errors.ts';
/**
* A valid options object that satisfies {@link ExponentialBackoff.validateOptions}.
*/
const validExponentialBackoffOptions = {
maxDelay: 10_000,
maxAttempts: 10,
baseDelay: 1_000,
growthRate: 2,
jitter: 0.1,
};
/**
* Tests that the static {@link ExponentialBackoff.run} helper creates a throwaway instance
* with library defaults (including the default 1000ms base delay) when no options are passed.
*/
const testExponentialBackoffRunUsesDefaultOptions = async (): Promise<void> => {
// Fake timers let us advance time without waiting real seconds between retries.
vi.useFakeTimers();
// Pin Math.random to 0 so jitter does not reduce the default delay.
vi.spyOn(Math, 'random').mockReturnValue(0);
try {
// The wrapped function fails on its first invocation and succeeds on the second.
// That forces ExponentialBackoff.run down the retry path using default options.
const rejectThenResolveFn = vi.fn().mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error('retry me'))
.mockResolvedValueOnce('static-result');
// Call the static helper with no onError and no options — defaults apply entirely.
const promise = ExponentialBackoff.run(rejectThenResolveFn);
// Yield one microtask so the first (immediate) attempt completes and schedules the retry timer.
await Promise.resolve();
expect(rejectThenResolveFn).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
// Default baseDelay is 1000ms; advancing less would not trigger the retry yet.
await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(1_000);
// The retry should have succeeded and returned the resolved value from the mock.
await expect(promise).resolves.toBe('static-result');
expect(rejectThenResolveFn).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
} finally {
vi.useRealTimers();
vi.restoreAllMocks();
}
};
/**
* Tests that {@link ExponentialBackoff.run} accepts a partial options object and merges it
* with defaults, still retrying when only some fields are overridden.
*/
const testExponentialBackoffRunWithPartialOptions = async (): Promise<void> => {
// Same fail-then-succeed pattern; we only care that partial options still enable a retry.
const rejectThenResolveFn = vi.fn().mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error('retry me'))
.mockResolvedValueOnce('done');
// baseDelay/jitter of 0 skip real waiting; maxAttempts: 3 gives headroom for one retry.
// onError is explicitly undefined to verify the default no-op handler is used.
const result = await ExponentialBackoff.run(rejectThenResolveFn, undefined, {
baseDelay: 0,
jitter: 0,
maxAttempts: 3,
});
expect(result).toBe('done');
expect(rejectThenResolveFn).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
};
/**
* Tests that calling {@link ExponentialBackoff.run} on a constructed instance applies
* the instance's stored options when no per-run options are supplied.
*/
const testExponentialBackoffInstanceRunUsesDefaultOnError = async (): Promise<void> => {
const rejectThenResolveFn = vi.fn().mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error('retry me'))
.mockResolvedValueOnce('instance-result');
// Options live on the instance; run(fn) should read them instead of static defaults.
const backoff = new ExponentialBackoff({ baseDelay: 0, jitter: 0, maxAttempts: 3 });
const result = await backoff.run(rejectThenResolveFn);
expect(result).toBe('instance-result');
expect(rejectThenResolveFn).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
};
/**
* Tests the happy path: the wrapped function succeeds immediately and no retry machinery runs.
*/
const testExponentialBackoffSucceedsOnFirstAttempt = async (): Promise<void> => {
// Always resolves — never enters the catch/retry branch.
const resolveFn = vi.fn(async () => 'success');
const onError = vi.fn();
const result = await ExponentialBackoff.run(resolveFn, onError, {
baseDelay: 0,
jitter: 0,
});
expect(result).toBe('success');
expect(resolveFn).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
expect(onError).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
};
/**
* Tests that retries continue across multiple failures until the function eventually resolves.
*/
const testExponentialBackoffRetriesUntilSuccess = async (): Promise<void> => {
// Three invocations: two rejections then a success on the third call.
const tripleRejectFn = vi
.fn()
.mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error('attempt 1'))
.mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error('attempt 2'))
.mockResolvedValueOnce('success');
// maxAttempts: 5 is high enough that we stop because fn succeeded, not because we hit the cap.
const result = await ExponentialBackoff.run(tripleRejectFn, () => {}, {
baseDelay: 0,
jitter: 0,
maxAttempts: 5,
});
expect(result).toBe('success');
expect(tripleRejectFn).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(3);
};
/**
* Tests that the onError callback is invoked once for every failed attempt, including the last one
* before an ExponentialBackoffMaxRetriesHitError is thrown to the caller.
*/
const testExponentialBackoffCallsOnErrorForEachFailure = async (): Promise<void> => {
const error = new Error('temporary failure');
// Always rejects with the same error — we will exhaust all attempts.
const rejectFn = vi.fn().mockRejectedValue(error);
const onError = vi.fn();
// maxAttempts: 3 means three tries total, all of which will fail.
await expect(ExponentialBackoff.run(rejectFn, onError, {
baseDelay: 0,
jitter: 0,
maxAttempts: 3,
})).rejects.toThrow(ExponentialBackoffMaxRetriesHitError);
expect(onError).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(3);
expect(onError).toHaveBeenCalledWith(error);
};
/**
* Tests that when all attempts are exhausted the caller receives an ExponentialBackoffMaxRetriesHitError
* with every task error preserved in order on the cause.
*/
const testExponentialBackoffThrowsMaxRetriesHitErrorWhenExhausted = async (): Promise<void> => {
const firstError = new Error('first');
const lastError = new Error('last');
// Two distinct errors so we can prove both are collected, not just the last one.
const doubleRejectFn = vi.fn().mockRejectedValueOnce(firstError)
.mockRejectedValueOnce(lastError);
try {
await ExponentialBackoff.run(doubleRejectFn, () => {}, {
baseDelay: 0,
jitter: 0,
maxAttempts: 2,
});
expect.fail('Expected ExponentialBackoffMaxRetriesHitError to be thrown');
} catch (error) {
expect(error).toBeInstanceOf(ExponentialBackoffMaxRetriesHitError);
expect((error as ExponentialBackoffMaxRetriesHitError).cause).toEqual([ firstError, lastError ]);
}
expect(doubleRejectFn).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
};
/**
* Tests that rejections which are not Error instances are coerced to Error before onError runs,
* so callers always observe a consistent error type in the callback.
*/
const testExponentialBackoffWrapsNonErrorThrows = async (): Promise<void> => {
// Reject with a plain string — not an Error subclass.
const rejectedFn = vi.fn().mockRejectedValue('not-an-error');
const onError = vi.fn();
// Single attempt — we fail fast and inspect what onError received.
try {
await ExponentialBackoff.run(rejectedFn, onError, {
baseDelay: 0,
jitter: 0,
maxAttempts: 1,
});
expect.fail('Expected ExponentialBackoffMaxRetriesHitError to be thrown');
} catch (error) {
expect(error).toBeInstanceOf(ExponentialBackoffMaxRetriesHitError);
const [ wrappedError ] = (error as ExponentialBackoffMaxRetriesHitError).cause as Error[];
expect(wrappedError).toBeInstanceOf(Error);
expect(wrappedError.message).toBe('not-an-error');
}
expect(onError).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
expect(onError.mock.calls[0][0]).toBeInstanceOf(Error);
expect(onError.mock.calls[0][0].message).toBe('not-an-error');
};
/**
* Tests that when the task function succeeds and the abort signal is aborted, the result is returned
* and the onError callback is not called.
*/
const testExponentialBackoffRunSuccessAndAbortSignal = async (): Promise<void> => {
// Define the function which aborts the exponential backoff and succeeds
const abortAndSucceedFn = vi.fn(({ stopRetries }) => {
stopRetries(new Error('retry me'));
return Promise.resolve('success');
});
const onErrorFn = vi.fn();
// Run the exponential backoff with the function and the onError callback
const result = await ExponentialBackoff.run(abortAndSucceedFn, onErrorFn, {
baseDelay: 0,
jitter: 0,
});
// Expect the result to be the success message
expect(result).toBe('success');
expect(abortAndSucceedFn).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
// Expect the onError callback to not have been called
expect(onErrorFn).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
};
/**
* Tests that when the abort signal is aborted with an error, an ExponentialBackoffStoppedRetriesError is thrown
* with the error as the message.
*/
const testExponentialBackoffRunWithAbortSignal = async (): Promise<void> => {
// Define the function which aborts the exponential backoff and throws an error
const abortAndThrowFn = vi.fn(({ stopRetries }) => {
stopRetries(new Error('exponential backoff aborted'));
throw new Error('error message');
});
const onErrorFn = vi.fn();
// Define the expected error
const expectedError = new ExponentialBackoffStoppedRetriesError(new Error('exponential backoff aborted'));
// Run the exponential backoff with the function and the onError callback and expect the error to be thrown
await expect(ExponentialBackoff.run(abortAndThrowFn, onErrorFn, {
baseDelay: 0,
jitter: 0,
})).rejects.toThrow(expectedError);
// Expect the onError callback to have been called once with the error
expect(onErrorFn).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
expect(onErrorFn.mock.calls[0][0]).toBeInstanceOf(Error);
expect(onErrorFn.mock.calls[0][0].message).toBe('error message');
// Expect the function to have been called once and not to have resolved
expect(abortAndThrowFn).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
expect(abortAndThrowFn).not.toHaveResolved();
};
/**
* Tests that when the abort signal is aborted with a string, an ExponentialBackoffStoppedRetriesError is thrown
* with the string as the message.
*/
const testExponentialBackoffRunAbortedStringCreatesError = async (): Promise<void> => {
// Define the function which aborts the exponential backoff and throws an error
const abortAndThrowStringFn = vi.fn(({ stopRetries }) => {
stopRetries('exponential backoff aborted');
// eslint-disable-next-line
throw 'error message';
});
const onErrorFn = vi.fn();
// Define the expected error, Note that we "stopRetries" with just a string, not an error. They are treated equivalently.
const expectedError = new ExponentialBackoffStoppedRetriesError(new Error('exponential backoff aborted'));
// Run the exponential backoff with the function and the onError callback and expect the error to be thrown
await expect(ExponentialBackoff.run(abortAndThrowStringFn, onErrorFn, {
baseDelay: 0,
jitter: 0,
})).rejects.toThrow(expectedError);
// Expect the onError callback to have been called once with the error
expect(onErrorFn).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
expect(onErrorFn.mock.calls[0][0]).toBeInstanceOf(Error);
expect(onErrorFn.mock.calls[0][0].message).toBe('error message');
// Expect the function to have been called once and not to have resolved
expect(abortAndThrowStringFn).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
expect(abortAndThrowStringFn).not.toHaveResolved();
};
/**
* Tests the {@link ExponentialBackoff.from} factory and subsequent instance {@link ExponentialBackoff.run}
* as an alternative to the static helper.
*/
const testExponentialBackoffFromAndInstanceRun = async (): Promise<void> => {
const successfullyResolve = vi.fn(async () => 42);
// from() is a convenience constructor; run() on the result should behave like the static path.
const backoff = ExponentialBackoff.from({
baseDelay: 0,
jitter: 0,
});
const result = await backoff.run(successfullyResolve);
expect(result).toBe(42);
expect(successfullyResolve).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
};
/**
* Tests that maxAttempts: 0 disables the attempt cap so retries continue until the function succeeds.
*/
const testExponentialBackoffRetriesIndefinitelyWhenMaxAttemptsIsZero = async (): Promise<void> => {
// Four invocations: three failures then success — would exceed a cap of 3 if one existed.
const tripleRejectThenResolveFn = vi
.fn()
.mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error('attempt 1'))
.mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error('attempt 2'))
.mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error('attempt 3'))
.mockResolvedValueOnce('eventually');
const result = await ExponentialBackoff.run(tripleRejectThenResolveFn, () => {}, {
baseDelay: 0,
jitter: 0,
maxAttempts: 0,
});
expect(result).toBe('eventually');
expect(tripleRejectThenResolveFn).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(4);
};
/**
* Tests the delay formula: each retry waits baseDelay * growthRate^attemptIndex milliseconds
* (with jitter disabled so the math is exact).
*/
const testExponentialBackoffIncreasesDelayExponentially = async (): Promise<void> => {
vi.useFakeTimers();
vi.spyOn(Math, 'random').mockReturnValue(0.5);
try {
const doubleRejectThenResolveFn = vi
.fn()
.mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error('attempt 1'))
.mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error('attempt 2'))
.mockResolvedValueOnce('success');
const promise = ExponentialBackoff.run(doubleRejectThenResolveFn, () => {}, {
baseDelay: 100,
growthRate: 2,
jitter: 0,
maxDelay: 10_000,
maxAttempts: 5,
});
// Attempt 0 fires synchronously on the first microtask tick.
await Promise.resolve();
expect(doubleRejectThenResolveFn).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
// After attempt 0 fails, delay = 100 * 2^0 = 100ms before attempt 1.
await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(100);
expect(doubleRejectThenResolveFn).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
// After attempt 1 fails, delay = 100 * 2^1 = 200ms before attempt 2.
await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(200);
expect(doubleRejectThenResolveFn).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(3);
await expect(promise).resolves.toBe('success');
} finally {
vi.useRealTimers();
vi.restoreAllMocks();
}
};
/**
* Tests that computed delay never exceeds maxDelay even when exponential growth would go higher.
*/
const testExponentialBackoffCapsDelayAtMaxDelay = async (): Promise<void> => {
vi.useFakeTimers();
vi.spyOn(Math, 'random').mockReturnValue(0.5);
try {
const doubleRejectThenResolveFn = vi
.fn()
.mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error('attempt 1'))
.mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error('attempt 2'))
.mockResolvedValueOnce('success');
const promise = ExponentialBackoff.run(doubleRejectThenResolveFn, () => {}, {
baseDelay: 1_000,
growthRate: 4,
jitter: 0,
maxDelay: 2_000,
maxAttempts: 5,
});
await Promise.resolve();
expect(doubleRejectThenResolveFn).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
// attempt 0: 1000 * 4^0 = 1000ms, below the 2000ms cap.
await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(1_000);
expect(doubleRejectThenResolveFn).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
// attempt 1: uncapped would be 4000ms but maxDelay clamps to 2000ms.
await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(2_000);
expect(doubleRejectThenResolveFn).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(3);
await expect(promise).resolves.toBe('success');
} finally {
vi.useRealTimers();
vi.restoreAllMocks();
}
};
/**
* Tests that jitter subtracts up to jitter * cappedDelay from the capped delay based on Math.random.
*/
const testExponentialBackoffAppliesJitter = async (): Promise<void> => {
vi.useFakeTimers();
// random = 1 → full 10% reduction: 1000 - (1 * 0.1 * 1000) = 900ms.
vi.spyOn(Math, 'random').mockReturnValue(1);
try {
const rejectThenResolveFn = vi.fn().mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error('attempt 1'))
.mockResolvedValueOnce('success');
const promise = ExponentialBackoff.run(rejectThenResolveFn, () => {}, {
baseDelay: 1_000,
growthRate: 1,
jitter: 0.1,
maxDelay: 10_000,
maxAttempts: 3,
});
await Promise.resolve();
expect(rejectThenResolveFn).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
// Advancing 899ms is one ms short of the jittered delay; 900ms triggers the retry.
await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(899);
expect(rejectThenResolveFn).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(1);
expect(rejectThenResolveFn).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
await expect(promise).resolves.toBe('success');
} finally {
vi.useRealTimers();
vi.restoreAllMocks();
}
};
/**
* Tests that {@link ExponentialBackoff.validateOptions} accepts valid options, including boundary values of 0 and 1.
*/
const testExponentialBackoffValidateOptionsAcceptsValidOptions = (): void => {
const validCases = [
validExponentialBackoffOptions,
{
...validExponentialBackoffOptions,
maxDelay: 0,
maxAttempts: 0,
baseDelay: 0,
growthRate: 0,
jitter: 0,
},
{
...validExponentialBackoffOptions,
jitter: 1,
},
] as const;
for (const options of validCases) {
expect(() => ExponentialBackoff.validateOptions(options)).not.toThrow();
}
};
/**
* Tests that {@link ExponentialBackoff.validateOptions} rejects negative numeric options.
*/
const testExponentialBackoffValidateOptionsRejectsNegativeValues = (): void => {
// Define our test cases with each value being less than 0
const negativeCases = [
{ field: 'maxDelay', value: -1 },
{ field: 'maxAttempts', value: -1 },
{ field: 'baseDelay', value: -1 },
{ field: 'growthRate', value: -1 },
] as const;
// Iterate through the test cases and expect an error to be thrown
for (const { field, value } of negativeCases) {
expect(() =>
ExponentialBackoff.validateOptions({
...validExponentialBackoffOptions,
[field]: value,
})).toThrow(`${field} must be not less than 0`);
}
};
/**
* Tests that {@link ExponentialBackoff.validateOptions} rejects jitter below 0 or above 1.
*/
const testExponentialBackoffValidateOptionsRejectsInvalidJitter = (): void => {
// Define our test cases with each value being less than 0 or greater than 1
const invalidJitterCases: Array<{ value: number }> = [{ value: -0.1 }, { value: 1.1 }];
// Iterate through the test cases and expect an error to be thrown
for (const { value } of invalidJitterCases) {
expect(() =>
ExponentialBackoff.validateOptions({
...validExponentialBackoffOptions,
jitter: value,
})).toThrow('jitter must be not less than 0 or greater than 1');
}
};
/**
* Tests that {@link ExponentialBackoff.validateOptions} rejects non-finite values such as Infinity.
*/
const testExponentialBackoffValidateOptionsRejectsNonFiniteValues = (): void => {
// Define our test cases with each value being Infinity
const nonFiniteCases = [
{ field: 'maxDelay', value: Infinity },
{ field: 'maxAttempts', value: Infinity },
{ field: 'baseDelay', value: Infinity },
{ field: 'growthRate', value: Infinity },
{ field: 'jitter', value: Infinity },
] as const;
// Iterate through the test cases and expect an error to be thrown
for (const { field, value } of nonFiniteCases) {
expect(() =>
ExponentialBackoff.validateOptions({
...validExponentialBackoffOptions,
[field]: value,
})).toThrow(`${field} must be a finite number`);
}
};
/**
* Tests that {@link ExponentialBackoff.validateOptions} rejects NaN, which is also non-finite.
*/
const testExponentialBackoffValidateOptionsRejectsNaN = (): void => {
// Define our test cases with each value being NaN
const nanCases = [
{ field: 'maxDelay', value: Number.NaN },
{ field: 'maxAttempts', value: Number.NaN },
{ field: 'baseDelay', value: Number.NaN },
{ field: 'growthRate', value: Number.NaN },
{ field: 'jitter', value: Number.NaN },
] as const;
// Iterate through the test cases and expect an error to be thrown
for (const { field, value } of nanCases) {
expect(() =>
ExponentialBackoff.validateOptions({
...validExponentialBackoffOptions,
[field]: value,
})).toThrow(`${field} must be a finite number`);
}
};
const runTests = async (): Promise<void> => {
test('ExponentialBackoff.run: delegates to a new instance using default options', testExponentialBackoffRunUsesDefaultOptions);
test('ExponentialBackoff.run: retries and succeeds with partial options', testExponentialBackoffRunWithPartialOptions);
test('ExponentialBackoff.run: uses the instance default onError when omitted', testExponentialBackoffInstanceRunUsesDefaultOnError);
test('ExponentialBackoff: returns the result on first success', testExponentialBackoffSucceedsOnFirstAttempt);
test('ExponentialBackoff: retries until the function succeeds', testExponentialBackoffRetriesUntilSuccess);
test('ExponentialBackoff: calls onError for each failed attempt', testExponentialBackoffCallsOnErrorForEachFailure);
test(
'ExponentialBackoff: throws ExponentialBackoffMaxRetriesHitError when max attempts are exhausted',
testExponentialBackoffThrowsMaxRetriesHitErrorWhenExhausted,
);
test('ExponentialBackoff: wraps non-Error throws before calling onError', testExponentialBackoffWrapsNonErrorThrows);
test('ExponentialBackoff: succeeds and aborts with abort signal', testExponentialBackoffRunSuccessAndAbortSignal);
test('ExponentialBackoff: aborts with abort signal', testExponentialBackoffRunWithAbortSignal);
test('ExponentialBackoff: aborts with aborted string creates error', testExponentialBackoffRunAbortedStringCreatesError);
test('ExponentialBackoff: works via from and instance run', testExponentialBackoffFromAndInstanceRun);
test('ExponentialBackoff: retries indefinitely when maxAttempts is 0', testExponentialBackoffRetriesIndefinitelyWhenMaxAttemptsIsZero);
test('ExponentialBackoff: increases delay exponentially between attempts', testExponentialBackoffIncreasesDelayExponentially);
test('ExponentialBackoff: caps delay at maxDelay', testExponentialBackoffCapsDelayAtMaxDelay);
test('ExponentialBackoff: subtracts jitter from the capped delay', testExponentialBackoffAppliesJitter);
test('ExponentialBackoff.validateOptions: accepts valid options', testExponentialBackoffValidateOptionsAcceptsValidOptions);
test('ExponentialBackoff.validateOptions: rejects negative values', testExponentialBackoffValidateOptionsRejectsNegativeValues);
test('ExponentialBackoff.validateOptions: rejects invalid jitter', testExponentialBackoffValidateOptionsRejectsInvalidJitter);
test('ExponentialBackoff.validateOptions: rejects Infinity', testExponentialBackoffValidateOptionsRejectsNonFiniteValues);
test('ExponentialBackoff.validateOptions: rejects NaN', testExponentialBackoffValidateOptionsRejectsNaN);
};
await runTests();